Category: Astronomy

The Celestial Signs of April 2022 and Passover

 

The Celestial Signs of April 2022 and Passover

Welcome to our monthly blog for April, 2022 which brings a month full of celestial signs, including planetary conjunctions, massings and alignments, many taking place in Capricorn during the month that brings us Passover, in recognition of the perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ. From the opening of this busy month in the sky, the New Moon starts the show on April 1st. Many religious calendars use the New Moon as markers to open the months of their year, the Hebrew being the among the most familiar in Biblical Astronomy. For the Jews, the New Moon ends the month of Adar and starts the Passover month of Nisan which takes place on April 15, this year. April opens with three bright planets massed low in our east-southeast sky just before sunrise. This was preceded by a triangular massing of Venus-Mars-Saturn in Capricornus on March 28th, 2022. In April 2022, these planets Venus, Saturn & Mars are only 6 degrees, apart with Venus to the left, followed by Saturn and then Mars. This was followed three days later according to the U.S. Naval Observatory, in the early dawn on the US east coast, with a close fly-by of Mars and Saturn, as the two approached each other closer than an apparent lunar diameter on April 5th, as seen in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. Mars-Saturn conjunction in Capricorn on April 5th, 2022. 1

5 Thrilling Planetary Conjunctions Are Going To Take Place In April, And Here's How To See Each Of Them. 1

This union of Mars and Saturn, has some interesting implications as Mars can represent blood due to its redness, which is significant during the month of Passover in light of the perfect sinless blood of Christ, that he sacrificed for all humanity. Mars can also represent the Warrior Archangel Michael as he fights for God’s people, against Satan-embodied in Saturn or Satan’s planet. With this conjunction in Capricorn in April, it recalls the same month our Lord was crucified on April 28th, 28 AD, with a planetary conjunction series nearly 2000 years after Christ’s crucifixion, more on this later.

Figure 2. Capricorn the Sacrificial Goat

See the source image

We find all three planets in the constellation Capricorn, which is very notable with Passover taking place, as these 3 bright planets align in Capricorn–the Mazzaroth sign that combines the Goat with a fish. Bullinger tells us that; “in the Goat we have the atoning sacrifice, while in the fish we have the people for whom atonement is made.”2  The redeemed multitudes seen in Capricorn’s fish-tail, are also embodied in the adjoining decans of Delphinus the dolphin, and Pisces Australis, the southern fish of the water sign Aquarius. 3 As Christ embodies the Passover in Israel, his death and resurrection fulfilled the prophecy of Isa. 53, sacrificing his life for the sheep. As Bullinger eloquently puts it; “the living fish proceeds from the dying goat, and yet they form only one body. [Eph. 4] That picture which has no parallel in nature, has a perfectly true counterpart in Grace, and the great multitude which no man can number, is redeemed unto eternal life through the death of their redeemer. 4

This seems to link to the two miracles of the fish to open, and during the resurrection arrivals of Jesus’ earthly ministry. As nobody is able to number the great multitude of people redeemed by our Lord Jesus Christ, perhaps it is fitting that the 153 fish netted in this miraculous catch, is not only a number in the infinite Lucas Series of numbers, but it also relates to the geometric growth of the Acts church via the infinite ratios of Pi, and Phi. This is Christ building the Temple of his body. [Gen. 15:5]

Starting around the 8th of April, Jupiter, which was immersed below the horizon during the first week of April, makes an appearance expanding this alignment with the other three planets to make it a foursome. By the morning of April 19, all four planets are aligned in a diagonal line of a little over 30 degrees; from lower left to upper right: Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn, as seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3. The mid-April Alignment of 4 planets in Capricorn, 2022. 5

Passover, kicks off the Feast of Unleavened Bread or Pesach for the Hebrew Year beginning at sundown on Friday, 15 April 2022, and ends, nightfall on Saturday, 23 April 2022. Thus, during the week of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, we find the celestial events, including this planetary alignment in Capricornus following Passover. The predawn sky on April 19, 2022 in Stellarium shows the alignment of Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn. This alignment is preceded by two planetary conjunctions, the first with Jupiter-Neptune in Aquarius on April 12th, and the second on April 18th with Mercury and Uranus in Aries. 6

 

Since it falls during the Feast of Unleavened Bread, this planetary union of Mercury–Uranus bears a closer look. Mercury-Gabriel is the Messenger archangel who usually brings attention to what he may be introducing. In this case, Uranus is one of the outer planets of the Solar System, and since it was not visible to the naked eye, it does not carry as much press in the Hebrew tradition. However, on April 3rd, 2022, a Lunar occultation of Uranus, occurred which calls our attention, especially when we consider all the other lunar activity taking place with the planets during this time. The idea that the April 18th union of Mercury and Uranus took place in Aries, is also noteworthy, since the celestial chapter of constellations that opened with Capricorn, the dying Goat, closes with Aries the Ram, with life restored via the blood of the Lamb, who takes away the sins of the world, [John 1:29].

Figure 4. The Crescent Moon appears with each of the four aligned planets in Capricorn. 7

In the last week of April, the Crescent Moon takes a snapshot with each of the 4 aligned planets. (Image credit: Stellarium)

The Crescent Moon, looms below Saturn on April 25, Mars on April 26 and finally Jupiter and Venus on April 27. 8 This early morning view of the east-southeast horizon, is greeted the next day with yet another planetary conjunction of Venus and Neptune in Aquarius on April 28th. It is interesting to note that the two planetary unions involving Neptune on the 12th and 28th of April, not only bracket the Mercury-Uranus union on the 18th, but also all the lunar snapshots with each of the 4 aligned planets!

 At a glance, we find the three brightest denizens of the night sky: a 12% lit Crescent Moon, Jupiter 4 degrees top left, and Venus suspended 5 degrees over the slice of lunar light. Venus and Jupiter are separated by 3.2 degrees on the 27th, but only 2 degrees on April 28th, and 1.3 degrees on April 29th. On April 30-May 1, Venus and Jupiter stand together, separated by only .5 a degree in North America. 9 This event occurs during the final week of April with the approaching union of the King Planet Jupiter and Venus, the bright and Morning Star, in Capricornus.

Figure 5. This is the closest Venus-Jupiter conjunction since August 2016. (Image credit: Stellarium) 10

The Hebrew name for Capricornus is Gedi–the kid or cut off, the same as the Arabic Al Gedi. In Figure 6 below from Robert Wadsworth, we find the star of this name-Algedi in the goat’s horn, with a second star in the goat’s–fish’s tail, named Deneb Algedi. This exhibits the unity of the Goat’s sacrificial atonement with the faithful of the spiritual body of his future church, both Jew and Gentile. Many times in Biblical Astronomy the King planet Jupiter plays a key role, as during this time in 28 AD, when we find the King planet in Capricornus, as Jesus finished his earthly ministry. On April 24th, 28 AD, Jupiter was in conjunction with the star Deneb Al Gedi in the fish-tail of Capricornus, as Jesus‘ rulership over the redeemed multitudes seen in Capricorn’s fish-tail, is evident with the Jupiter-Deneb Algedi conjunction in Fig. 6, mirroring the Jupiter conjunction with Venus in Capricorn at the end of April, 2022.

Figure 6. Jupiter-Deneb Algedi conjunction seen from Jerusalem on April 24, 28 A.D. 11

 

A key related point with this April 24th sign in Capricornus is this day on the Hebrew calendar was Aviv 10, also the day the Passover Lambs were selected, [Ex. 12:3]. Another meaning of Deneb Al Gedi is the sacrifice comes, which fits since this same day, on Aviv 10 Jesus entered Jerusalem riding a donkey as the perfect sacrifice to redeem all mankind, [Matt. 21:1-11, Zech. 9:9]. 12 

Another celestial sign related to Jesus’ Crucifixion involved the Southern Cross. 
According to the writings of Richard Hinckley Allen (1838-1908), an expert in stellar nomenclature, the Southern Cross was last seen on Jerusalem’s horizon at 31 degrees 46′ 45″ about the time that Christ was crucified. 13 But due to the Precession of the Equinoxes, a spiraling motion of the Earth’s axis-the Southern Cross shifted out of view further south over the ensuing centuries. The Hebrew name for the Southern Cross is Adom, which means the cutting off, from the prophecy of Dan. 9:26, referencing that the Messiah shall be “cut off.” This corresponds exactly to the Hebrew name for Capricornus as Gedi–the kid or cut off, that we saw above in the meaning of the star Gedi. E.W. Bullinger again enlightens us regarding the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet — TAU, which was anciently made in the form of a Cross. 14

Aben Ezra gives the Hebrew name too, of the Southern Cross as Adom, which means “cutting off,” as the angel told Daniel of the “cutting off of the Messiah.” And Christ was cut off by being condemned and crucified.”

Joseph Seiss, in his book on the Gospel in the Stars affirms that “the Southern Cross was visible on the horizon of Jerusalem about the time that Christ was crucified. It consists of four bright stars placed in the form of a cross, and is by far the brighest star-group in the southern heavens. Standing directly in the path of the second Decan of Virgo, the double-natured Seed of the woman, and connecting with Libra the price of redemption, it takes the same place in the celestial signs that the Cross of Calvary holds in the Christian system.” 15

Figure 6. The Decan of the Southern Cross. 16

The Southern Cross Constellation

Bullinger discusses how this sign has lost its original meaning of; “It is Finished,” which was Jesus’ last declaration on the Cross at Calgary. As our Lord’s dying declaration, as he gave up his life, for truly none could take it from him, he gave up his “physical” life of the flesh, to obtain eternal life for us all. Christ’s atoning work of redemption is utterly complete and finished when Jesus declared it so. The decan of the Southern Cross is also pictured below in Fig. 7, with Centaurus.

Figure 7. Centaurus with the Southern Cross below Centaurus. 17

See the source image

The Hebrew name for this constellation Bezeh-means despised, which is found in Isa. 53:3; He is despised and rejected of men. The brightest star in the horse’s foreleg; Toliman means the heretofore and the hereafter, marking him as the one which is, which was and which is to come. Sir John Herschell observed this star rapidly growing brighter, making it a possible variable star. 18

From Bob Wadsworth, our late brother in his Biblical Astronomy Newsletter, provided some key historical details on the visibility of the Southern Cross. He showed the “highest position of the Southern Cross seen from Jerusalem in 1000 B.C. At this time, the upper star of the Crux was 17 degrees above the horizon, and the lower star 11 degrees above the horizon. The whole cross was quite visible from Jerusalem around the time of King David.” 19 This links the genealogy of David to Christ through the royal line of Judah.

Wadsworth includes the coordinates of the Southern Cross, seen from Jerusalem on the day of Christ’s Crucifixion as follows; [Newsletter graphics shows] the highest position of the Southern Cross as seen from Jerusalem on April 28, 28 A.D., or the date of the Lord’s crucifixion. The upper star of the Crux was a little over 12 degrees above the horizon, and the lower star was a little over 6 degrees above the horizon. It is most difficult to say if the lower star was visible through atmospheric haze at that time. But it is safe to say that the lower star most likely disappeared from the Jerusalem skies some point between the time of the Lord’s crucifixion and 155 AD, when it was 5 degrees above the horizon at its highest position. Newsletter graphics shows the highest position of the Southern Cross in the year 1000 A.D. Here the upper star is about 6 degrees above the horizon, and the lower star is near 0 degrees. The upper star most likely disappeared from the Jerusalem skies sometime between this date and 1240 A.D., when the upper star was 5 degrees above the horizon at its highest point. This was during the time of the Crusades. 20

The Astronomer Bayer drew the Southern Cross over the hind legs of the Centaur, giving it in his text as moderis crux Ptolemaeo pedes Centauri.” He goes on to say that “it seems remarkable that it was only outlined over the Centaur in the Flamsteed Atlas.” 21

This is unlike the way it is pictured above in Fig. 7, but closer to the way it is found today in the southern hemisphere. Of special interest to our faithful brethren “down under” where autumn is approaching, and the Sun is setting earlier in the southern hemisphere, sunset was at about 6:48 p.m. on April 1, and in Melbourne, Australia it’s at 7:14 p.m. local time. In mid-southern latitudes, by 8:00 p.m. when it is fully dark the Southern Cross was high in the southeastern sky from Melbourne; it is about 40 degrees above the horizon on April 1 (the new moon there occurs at 5:24 p.m. local time on April 1st). The Southern Cross will be above Centaurus, near Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus). 22

Perhaps our intrepid Michael Toms and some of his “mates” can take a picture of the Southern Cross, and post it on the Biblical Astronomy Fellowship Page, with their observations for the rest of us in the Northern Hemisphere? I also want to acknowledge and thank Joseph Damien Cooper for first alerting me to the celestial activity this month, which I’m very thankful for. I can’t always be on top of all the celestial happenings, and the help of wonderful & faithful believers like Joseph, is always much appreciated. He is a great example of how we are the spiritual body of Christ, and we work together to bless each other!

I believe the visible appearance on the horizon from Jerusalem, of the Southern Cross at the time of Christ’s crucifixion, far from chance, served multiple purposes of edification. First, it confirms the Celestial Gospel, reflecting Jesus’ brutal sacrifice on the Cross at Calvary, in a stellar prophecy of the finished work, represented in the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet – TAU,  made in the form of a Cross. A trait of the Gospel in the Stars shows the Creator’s hand in not only forming and making the stars in the skies of the heavens, as a precise timepiece, but also naming and numbering the stars according to His purposes; [Gen. 1:14-19, Ps. 147:4, Isa. 40:26]. This also links the Gospel in the Stars-God’s Word written in the Heavens inseparably with written Scripture. The entire record of OT Scriptural Messianic prophecies of his long-awaited ministry being confirmed, not only in Christ’s birth, ministry, resurrection and Ascension, also confirmed beyond a shadow of doubt in the Gospel of the Stars.

As we recognize Passover and Resurrection Saturday, we certainly have much to consider as we honor and praise our Lord Jesus Christ and his unmatched work of redemption, that freed us from our bondage of the flesh, even as the Jews were freed from their bondage at Passover. As we ever rise above the darkness of this world as the super–conqueror we have been made in Christ, this is the only kind of “made man” with eternal rewards.

In Joyful Rejoicing-God Bless!

Agape’ Rene’ 

 

 

Footnotes

1. https://www.space.com/april-2022-morning-planets-jupiter-saturn-venus-mars
2. Witness of the Stars, E.W. Bullinger, p. 75
3. IBID, Footnote p. 75
4. IBID, ppg. 76-77.
5. Figure 3 picture credit; Stellarium
6. https://www.space.com/april-2022-morning-planets-jupiter-saturn-venus-mars
7. IBID, Figure 4 picture credit; Stellarium
8. https://www.space.com/april-2022-morning-planets-jupiter-saturn-venus-mars
9. IBID
10. Figure 5 picture credit; Stellarium
11. Figure 6 picture credit; Biblical Astronomy Newsletter, Bob Wadsworth.
12. Biblical Astronomy Newsletter, Bob Wadsworth.
13. Star Names their Lore and Meaning, p. 185, R.A. Allen.
14. Witness of the Stars, E.W. Bullinger, ppg. 48-50.
15. Gospel in the Stars, Joseph Seiss
16. Fig. 6. picture credit: https://www.space.com/29445-southern-cross-constellation-skywatching.html
17. Witness of the Stars, E.W. Bullinger, p. 40 Figure 7 picture credit on the Centaur with Southern Cross.
18. IBID
19. Biblical Astronomy Newsletter, March/April 1999, Bob Wadsworth
20. IBID
21. Star Names their Lore and Meaning, p. 185, R.A. Allen.
22. https://www.space.com/april-2022-morning-planets-jupiter-saturn-venus-mars

 

 

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Pi Day of March 14th, 2022 The Miracle of 153 fish and Pi.

Pi Day of March 14th, 2022 The Miracle of 153 fish and Pi.

Happy Pi Day Everyone!

On this Pi Day of March 14th, 2022 as on previous Pi Days we have recognized various ways that the Pi ratio is found in the Bible. This year our focus is on the miracles of the fish-the catch of 153 fish.

There are two miracles of Jesus regarding his apostles Peter, James and John in their fishing business, one in Luke 5 and the second in John 1. In Luke, Jesus had been teaching on the shores of the Sea of Galilee and decided to use Peter’s boat as a platform to teach the crowd out of the boat. Upon wrapping up his teaching, he instructed Peter to put out into deep water and let down the nets for a catch. Peter tells Jesus of their previous night of fishing without catching anything, but; “at the Lord’s word he would let down the net; [sing.]. Peter had the fresh memory of their fruitless night of labor too much in mind, and if Peter had followed Jesus’ word he could have saved his net, which broke at the weight of the huge catch. With the help of another boat of their partner’s they filled both boats with the catch, till they began to sink. Peter considered himself unworthy to continue with the Lord, but Jesus, remaining with his choice of Peter, James and John, told them to fear not, as going forward they would catch men, upon which the apostles left everything to follow Jesus.

In the second Miracle of the fish, Jesus was not in the boat with the apostles, but was on land as this was a resurrection appearance of the Lord. Present here were Peter, “doubting Thomas,” Nathanael of Cana, John, James, and two other disciples, one of which was Lazarus-the disciple that Jesus loved, as part of this “fishing expedition” with Peter, where again they caught nothing. As they approached the shore, an as yet unidentified Jesus, asked them if they had any meat. Upon a negative reply, he told the fishing party to cast the net [sing.] on the right side of the boat for a find. As they did so they found such a multitude of fish they were unable to draw the net in. Once Jesus was identified by Lazarus, Peter jumped into the water to help bring the catch ashore, but upon their arrival ashore they found Jesus already there with a fire, fish and bread awaiting them. This fits the scene of a resurrection appearance, the 3rd of the Lord thus far-ready to teach the Apostles and Disciples about their unbroken net with a catch of 153 great fishes, perhaps foreshadowing the future Marriage Supper of the Lamb.

As we consider the use of 153 and the related number found in Jesus’ last miracle of the fish, it may be a good time to revisit our understanding of this Last Feast. Instead of a story of fishermen and fish, as there is always a deeper significance lying below the surface. Here we find an unexpected post-resurrection visit of the Lord that finds Peter–leader of the Church, fishing (John 21:7). As (Peter) pulls in the 153 fish to bring them to Jesus by his command, “Bring of the fish which you have now caught” (John 21:10), Jesus’ invited the fishing expedition to “come and dine” (John 21:12). This seems to parallel the last harvest of the Church body and the future wedding feast. After the feast of fishes with Jesus, He constrains Peter to feed his lambs and sheep, but to understand the deeper truths here we must look below the surface. As Jesus constrains Peter, he asks three similar but not identical questions; In John 21:15 the Lord asks Peter if he lovest [agapao] him more than these, in reference to Peter’s fishing business. The word for “lovest” here is God’s Love of man, which Jesus embodied more perfectly than any other, as unconditional and a result of the decision of the will. Peter responded- “Lord thou knowest that I love [Phileo] thee. This is a conditional brotherly love of a friend, and is not used of a love of men toward God. So we can see Peter’s response was amiss, in that he did not respond directly to the Lord’s Question, as it was asked. The Lord’s command was to Feed my Lambs -the sacrificial lambs of the flock.

In John 21:16 Jesus asks Peter again Lovest [agapao] thou me, to which Peter responds again; “Lord thou knowest that I love [phileo] thee, his response still amiss. Then the Lord commands that Peter “feed my sheep.” The word “feed” is poimaino [G4165], 1 which is much more than just feeding, but refers to the entire office of a Shepherd; including guiding, guarding, and folding the flock, as well as nourishing it, [Acts 20:28, ICor. 9:7, I Pet. 5:1-4]. In v. 17 the Lord turns the tables on Peter in his third question; “lovest thou me,” but this time the word for “love” is [phileo]. Peter’s response was Lord thou knowest [ginosko-G1097]2 that I love [Phileo] thee. Peter’s answers to Jesus’ questioning the basis of his love for the Lord, were all based on brotherly love, which he truly shared with Christ, but Jesus was trying to get him to see the bigger picture, of what it took to Pastor God’s Flock. This is a deeper understanding of what it means to Follow Jesus; [Matt. 4:18-22,25, Jon. 8:12, 10:2-18, 26 -29, 9: 21–29, 21:9-11, Mk. 8:34-38]. This is how Christ made his disciples fishers of men. Thus it appears that the 153 fishes may represent a harvest at the end of the age when Christ returns. The mystery here is what the specific number of 153 fish refers to?

The context of the miracles of the Fish pertains to Jesus calling his Apostles and disciples to follow him and to live after his example of living love, the unifying principle in the Church of his spiritual body. [Eph. 4:1-2]

Many believed that there must be something deeply significant and mysterious in this number from the solemn way it is introduced in Jn. 21:11: Simon Peter went and drew the net to land full of great fishes, one hundred and fifty three. A look at history reveals that the Church Fathers noted some interesting aspects in the number 153.

  St. Augustine has pointed out the comparison and contrast between the two miraculous catches of fish, one at the beginning and the other at the end of Christ’s ministry (post– Resurrection). He and other scholars see in this number, a link with the “saved” who are “caught up” in Peter’s “net,” a symbol of the Church. Both St. Augustine and Pope St. Gregory the Great noticed that 17 is the sum of the perfect numbers 10 (perfect order) and 7 (spiritual perfection). St. Gregory multiplied 17 by 3 and again by 3 to get 153. Augustine used addition and took the sum of all the digits up to and including 17 as amounting to exactly 153.  They also noted that the expression “Sons of God” occurs 7 times, and that the gematria of this expression in Hebrew is exactly 153. In Greek the gematria of “Sons of God” is 3,213 or 3 x 7 x 153. The Greek gematria for the word fishes is 1,224 or 8 x 153. The gematria for “the net“ is also 1,224 or 8 x 153. 4

In ancient Greece, Pythagoras calculated that 153 is the denominator of the closest known fraction to the square root of 3 [265/153] which was also the “ratio of the fish” shape drawn between two overlapping circles, centered on each other’s circumference, that Pythagoras called the “measure of the fish.”5

As far as the relationship between 153 and Pi is concerned; The number 153 appears once within the first thousand digits of π, and not at all within the first 1000 digits of 2π. No surprises here. But when we check 3π, a triangular number, we find surprising results, that 153 appears 6 times within the first 1000 digits of 3π. The odds of a 3 digit number appearing six or more times within 1000 random digits are about 1 in 1680. The Number 153 is special:

  • 153 is the 17th triangular number
  • the 153rd word in the Hebrew Bible is “good” (טוב) which has a gematria value of 17
  • the first appearance of 153 in 3π begins at position 17 after the decimal point

The six appearances of 153 in 3π begin at positions 17, 123, 443, 596, 645 and 888 after the decimal point.

the sixth appearance of 153 begins at position 888 after the decimal point

888 is the gematria value of ιησους (“Jesus“) 6.

If we construct a triangle with 17 units per side it will result in the number 153. Methuselah (his death shall bring) was 969 years old when the Flood came on the 17th day of the second month. Jesus also was resurrected on the 17th day, which was also the same day the Ark came to rest on the mountains and Israel crossed the Red Sea. Does the related fish number of 153 embody a link to the coming of the second judgment [the last days will be like the days of Noah] like the Flood? 7

The miraculous catch of 153 has been depicted many times in art, and the boat on the water can be depicted as an 18 piece jigsaw featuring familiar triangular numbers 153, 666, and 703. The triangular number 5778 is the 18th Lucas number [a number series like Phi, but including 153] the golden ratio raised to the 18th power. In the pi string below 2 instances of the triangular number 5778 are separated by the number 18; [3.14159…5778…7519577818577805321…]8 The Fibonacci and Lucas number series are both reflections of the Golden Section, being both additive, since each number is the sum of the previous two in the series, and the product of the previous term, multiplied by phi. No other number series’ display these traits of geometric growth fusing both addition and multiplication. This is part of the lesson in the geometric growth of the Church in the book of Acts.

There is also a general agreement between the geometric increase of growth via the Fibonacci Series and the summarizing and concluding statements of the Book of Acts, that start with addition and geometrically increase in scale to multiplication, at higher levels. The “Grk. word Auxano,” is the root for “auxins” found in 3 of the Acts summary statements; [Acts 6:7, 12:24, 19:20, Eph. 4:16]. We see this in how 1st Century Churches grew and were added in key areas, [Acts 9:31–multiplied, 16:5, established in the faith, increased in number daily. The principles of Plant DNA-auxins depicting the spiritual life and growth of the Acts 1st Century Church are witnessed in the gradual, progressive and systematic growth from the simple to the complex.

Along with 153, the number 276 is another large number mentioned in the Bible, in Acts 27:37 referencing the the number saved from shipwreck. The number of the beast-666, also belongs in this category mentioned above in Revelation 13:18. All three of these are triangular numbers. Like 153, 276, 666, 5778 is also hexagonal. 5778 is one of only three 4 digit numbers to appear three times within the 1st 1000 digits of pi, as seen in the pi string above. With the first three of these numbers being triangular; 153, 276 and 5778 are also hexagonal. All hexagonal numbers are triangular, but not all triangular numbers are hexagonal.
A consequence of geometric growth is that as growth advances, it becomes more complex, as these numbers illustrate with more basic growth, being triangular advancing to a complex hexagonal structure, as seen below.

Picture

Hexagonal numbers are a subset of triangular numbers. 9

Picture

The number 153 is found overtly twice in our bibles—John 21.11 & 2 Chron. In 2 Chron. 2.17, Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the number David his father had numbered them and found 153,600.

Solomon had commissioned a great building project. He starts building the Temple to transition beyond the Tabernacle, conscripting 153k [+] men to begin work on the Temple called “Name of the Lord” (I Ch 2.1-2, 17-18). In like fashion, Jesus the risen Christ in “Name of the Lord,” commissioned the Apostles to start the greatest building project; the Church. He is the Chief Cornerstone enabling in this symbolic catch of 153 large fish by his apostles, parallel to the conscription of 153,000 [+] by Solomon, in this unique catch.

Astronomically, the square root of 153 = 12,369 which is equal to the number of lunar months in a solar year. According to T. Paine, who studied the dimensions of the Tabernacle first suggested an endwise union of either set of Tabernacle curtains from Josephus forward, depicts the internal Tabernacle measurements as 12 cubits wide, by 29.5 cubits long, versus the external measures of 12, 1/3 cubits wide by 30 cubits long. This represents an alternating lunar calendar of 29.5 and 30 lunar days in a month, a long-standing order in 360-day calendar years. The 12 cubit measure shows the 12 months of the solar year, while the 29.5 cubits embodies the lunar synodic month of 29.53059 days, or 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 2.37 seconds. We see this also in the time between 2 full or New Moons as 29, 43/81 days, for the internal dimensions of the Tabernacle curtains. The Tabernacle’s external measures of 12, 1/3 cubits wide, by 30 cubits long, shows 12.368 synodic months per year, or 12, and 7/19‘s, by the 30 days of the solar month. 10

These truths are also evident in the comparison of the solar system planets to the design of the Temple and Tabernacle of Isreal. This displays the perfection of God’s design of the OT Tabernacle as the forerunner of the NT Temple in astronomical and calendar measures, and solar system structure relating 1st to Israel, and secondly to the spiritual body of Christ.

This new Temple in the Lord, is the greatest building project ever! Eph 2.19-22 “In him (Christ), the whole building is joined together and rises to become a holy temple in the Lord. And in him you too are being built together to become a dwelling wherein God lives by his Spirit.” The catch of 153 fish is truly a miracle of Resurrection! As we answer Jesus’ call to; “Follow me and I will make you fishers of men,” we will be highly rewarded in eternity, contributing our part to this perfect union in the body of Christ, after the example of the Apostles.

God Bless!

Agape’

Rene’

Footnotes

1. Strong’s Concordance poimaino-G4165, James Strong.
2. Ibid, [ginosko-G1097].
3. Ibid, [agapao], [phileo]
4. “Pi And The Miraculous Catch of 153 Fish”  [https://www.biblegematria.com/pi-and-the-bible.html]
5. “Do the 153 fish in John 21 count for anything?” Ian Paul May 3, 2019
6.  https://www.eldoradonews.com/news/2015/apr/25/catch-153-fish-real-miracle-resurrection/
7. “Pi And The Miraculous Catch of 153 Fish”  [https://www.biblegematria.com/pi-and-the-bible.html]
8. Ibid
9. Ibid
10. “The Tabernacle of Isreal,” James Strong, p. 41

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Kepler’s Supernova 1604SN; A Beacon at the Celestial Crossroads

Kepler’s Supernova 1604SN; A Beacon at the Celestial Crossroads

 On the left side of this month’s Banner graphic pictured above is the Supernova 1987A, which was discovered on Feb. 24th, 1987, as the first supernova explosion witnessed during the age of the tele-scope. Since this occurred over the past 35 years, Supernova analysis has expanded at an exponential rate in modern scientific astronomical research. These studies have grown to include a notable core of data on the 1604 Supernova witnessed by, and named after the German astronomer Johannes Kepler.

Kepler is widely considered the father of modern astronomy and rightly so, but he might not have received this distinction without Tycho Brahe’s observational data, and support unanimously considered the most accurate and comprehensive in pre-telescopic astronomy. Among this data were observational records of the famed Nova of 1572, that disputed the Aristotelian concept of the Immutability of the celestial expanse.

Figure 1. Johannes Kepler’s Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1596. 1

Tycho Brahe’s life as a nobleman was cut short by his untimely death in 1601, though he left a wonderful legacy of most accurate astronomical observations, resulting from 38 years of ingenious work. Kepler on the other hand, was born near Stuttgart in 1571, in post-Reformation Lutheran Germany, was deeply religious and inspired to become a Lutheran Minister, studying theology at the University of Tübingen. At University he was influenced by Copernican Astronomy, but his theological studies were paused when he became a mathematics teacher at Graz in what is now Austria. Kepler first caught the public eye upon publishing Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1596, at only 25 years old. The book explained the arrangement of the solar system planets in terms of the five Platonic solids, in a nested geometrical framework; [Figure 1].

Kepler viewed the planetary order along the lines of the “Music of the Sphere’s,” unifying the basis for the orbits of the outer and inner planets. We see this in a geometric harmony of the solar system, with the orbits of the gas giants; Jupiter, Saturn & Uranus. Figure 2 below depicts the outer, mean and inner orbits of Uranus Saturn and Jupiter using an equilateral triangle and an octagram. This is also a way of showing the structure of the musical Octave, with an eight-pointed star that halves or doubles the wavelengths or frequencies of the musical scale, with an equilateral triangle inscribed inside a circle, with 1/2 the diameter of its outer circle, in Fig. 2.

Figure 2. Geometric orbits of Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter. 2

Image result for Jupiter-Saturn Geometry

The geometry of this diagram not only depicts the musical order of these outer solar system planets, but since Jupiter and Saturn’s orbits are in the proportion of 6:11 to 99.99% accuracy, this is the octave or double of the 3:11 Moon to Earth ratio, to 99.9% accuracy, revealing a geometric harmony and mirror symmetry between the outer and inner planets. This 3:11 earth-moon
proportion is also shared by two of our planetary neighbors, Mars and Venus, to 99.9% accuracy.
Upon closer inspection 3:11 is 27.3%, and the Moon orbits the earth every 27.3 days, in one of its
lunar cycles showing the harmonious pairing of the Earth and Moon. 3

It is this type of insight that Kepler’s Mysterium Cosmographicum afforded us, in how the heavens were Intelligently Designed with a geometrical and musical harmony in mind, according to the mathematics of the Pi, Phi and Lucas ratios. Kepler’s genius was proven in his Laws of Planetary Motion, and upheld in further scientific advances that followed. Kepler’s insight and recognition eventually brought him to the attention and economic sponsorship of Tycho Brahe, whose untimely death in 1601 was a blessing in disguise for Kepler, as this led him to a prestigious position as Imperial Mathematician in Prague, which opened access for him to Brahe’s research data.

His efforts were finally rewarded with the discovery of the first two laws of planetary motion that now bear his name. He discovered the third law several years after proposing the initial laws as he continued working on musical harmony applied to the motion of planets. Kepler’s brilliant blend of a highly creative mind with incisive and imaginative geometrical insights, worked together with his ability as a master mathematical theoretician, to produce these landmark innovations in the history of scientific astronomy.

We have previously covered his observations regarding the Jupiter-Saturn Conjunction series, and their historical and spiritual impact on the birth of Christ in previous blogs relating to the Celestial Prelude, noted below for historical reference. For these and other reasons Kepler has always been one of my favorites in the field of scientific astronomy, and in this study, we take a closer look at Kepler’s work on the supernova that bears his name, and its potential links to the Coma Supernova and the Planisphere Axis. In 1573, Tycho Brahe wrote:

“Last year [1572], in the month of November, on the 11th day of the month, in the evening, after sunset, when I was contemplating the stars in a clear sky, I noticed that a new and unusual star, surpassing the other stars in brilliancy, was shining almost directly above my head; and since I had, from boyhood, known all the stars of the heavens perfectly, it was quite evident to me that there had never been any star in that place of the sky, even the smallest, to say nothing of a star so conspicuous and bright as this.”4 This supernova designated SN 1572 was seen by Brahe in Cassiopeia, but no further supernovae had since been observed with certainty in the Milky Way, until Kepler’s Nova detailed below. Bullinger tells us Brahe discovered this supernova appearing under the arm of the enthroned woman, as this “new star shone more brightly than Venus.” The beta star of the decan bears the Hebrew name Caph, meaning the branch, relating to the branch of victory she holds above her head. Cassiopeia is seated upon the Arctic circle, close by the side of Cepheus the crowned king. This the Bride, the Lamb’s wife, the heavenly city-the New Jerusalem, the partakers of the heavenly calling; [Isa. 62:3-5]. 5

This sight was so shocking to Brahe because it went against the widely accepted understanding that the universe was fixed and immutable. A few decades later, in 1604, Kepler made a similar observation that scientists and stellar observers are still puzzling over. The German mathematician and astronomer, who famously laid out the 3 laws of planetary motion, spotted a light brighter than any other star in the sky, so bright as to be visible during the day for nearly a year. He spent the next few months observing the unknown object, and wrote a book about his observations called “Stella Nova.” The Figure 3 graphic below is from Stella Nova, documenting the triangular form of Jupiter-Saturn Unions from 1583-1743.

Figure 3. The Jupiter-Saturn Great Conjunction triangle from Kepler in his De Stella Nova: 6

Kepler mapped, the progress of the grand conjunctions of Jupiter-Saturn through the zodiac describing a series of equilateral triangles. Every 60 years a triangle of conjunctions is completed, as the conjunction series returned to start again, shifting however nine degrees anticlockwise in respect to its predecessors, thus generating a cycle of 800 years. Figure 3 also documents [with an asterisk] inside the triangles, the union of Jupiter and Saturn in 1603 in Sagittarius to the lower left. This planetary union in the Jupiter-Saturn series predated the 1604 Supernova at Ophiuchus’ Heel, by only a few months. In the early fall of 1604, on the heels of this Jupiter-Saturn union, Mars joined Saturn in conjunction on Sept. 26th. About 2 weeks later Mars also joined Jupiter in union, about 2 degrees below it on Oct. 9th, 1604. 7 Kepler, with some contemporary  astronomers of his, took specific interest in observing this union of Mars and Jupiter, which they noted relating to planetary activity surrounding the Star of Bethlehem. We have shown in previous blogs, their interest was not in vain, evident in the chart below, during the visibility of the Coma Supernova just after the Jupiter-Saturn triple conjunction of 7 BC, there was a Triangular massing of Jupiter, Saturn & Mars on Feb. 25th of 6 BC, followed by a Jupiter-Mars union in the next 8 days, along with the first of 2 Blood Moons in 6-5 BC. These served as key celestial markers that helped the Magi recognize the signs marking the birth of Christ, in 3-2 BC.

 The Celestial Prelude of 7 BC to 5 BC

Date Conjunction of Planets Constellation
May 27th, 7 BC Jupiter-Saturn Pisces
Sept. 15th, 7 BC Jupiter, Saturn; [ring cycle], Sun & Earth aligned. Pisces
Oct. 5th, 7 BC Jupiter-Saturn Pisces
Dec. 1st , 7 BC Jupiter-Saturn Pisces
Feb. 25th 6 BC Triangular massing of Jupiter, Saturn & Mars Pisces
Mar. 5th , 6 BC Jupiter-Mars Pisces
Mar. 23rd, 5 BC Total Lunar Eclipse Virgo
April 15-20, 6 BC Lunar occultation Series
Sept. 15th, 5 BC Total Lunar Eclipse Pisces

 Kepler was at first unable to view this supernova due to cloudy skies, but fellow astronomers Wilhelm Fabry, along with Michael Maestlin at Tubingen and Helisaeus Roeslin at Alsace were able to make their observations on October 9th, but didn’t record their findings on the supernova. 8 The supernova was first detected in Europe by delle Colombe in northern Italy on Oct. 9, 1604. 9 Kepler was only able to begin observations on 17 October while working at the imperial court in Prague. 10 In Fig. 4 below, we find a graphic of the Jupiter-Saturn & Mars union, framing Kepler’s Nova on Oct. 17th, 1604. The supernova was subsequently named after him, despite the fact that he was not its first observer, as he tracked the object for over a year. The sitings are detailed in his book De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii,(“On the New Star in Ophiuchus’s foot” Prague 1606).

Figure 4. Jupiter-Saturn & Mars conjunction, framing Kepler’s Nova on Oct. 17th, 1604. 11

Below in Fig. 5, we see the man Ophiuchus-wrestling the serpent for the Crown of Dominion, with Sagittarius, the adjacent sign-hosting the 1603 Jupiter-Saturn union, as the victorious rider whose arrows are trained on the heart of the Scorpion, [Ps. 45:5] tells a related part of the Genesis 3:15 narrative enacted by Ophiuchus, who crushes the head and heart of the serpent-scorpion underfoot in a fatal blow, while enduring the Scorpion’s sting of physical death, in sacrifice for all mankind. In the Fall of the next year 1604, due to the slow-moving outer planets, Jupiter and Saturn were still found in a similar position not far apart. This was the setting for the 1603 union of Jupiter-Saturn described above in Fig. 3, which can be seen as a Prelude to a Jupiter-Mercury union on 12-23-1603, preceded by fleet Mercury meeting Saturn on 12-22-1603, the previous day.
These two Mercury conjunctions on consecutive days culminated in a triple union of Jupiter-Saturn-Mercury on Christmas day 12-25-1603, forming a notable planetary triangle in the sky. 12 Even as the Magi were led to Jerusalem near Christmas of 3 BC, and subsequently to Bethlehem, in the Celestial Prelude of the Jupiter-Saturn triple union of 7 BC, setting the pattern for the 3-2 BC Triple union of Jupiter-Regulus, so Kepler’s Nova reminded him of the Bethlehem Star near the Jupiter-Saturn conjunction in Sagittarius of 1603, followed by the Triangular massing of Jupiter, Saturn & Mars on Feb. 25th of 6 BC, preceding a Jupiter-Mars union in the next 8 days. With the added similarities of planetary conjunctions including Mars, and the Mercury unions with Jupiter-Saturn leading to a triangular massing of planets on Christmas, we find added planetary kinship with the May 19th, 3 BC Mercury-Saturn union in Taurus as an opening sign leading to the actual parade of signs marking the birth of Christ in 3-2 BC.

Figure 5. Ophiuchus viewed between and above Scorpio and Sagittarius.

As we found in Figure 4 above, when combined with the information in Figure 3, the three planets Jupiter-Saturn–Mars are located at the vertices of the Trigon marking Jupiter-Saturn unions, linking the planetary conjunction series with Kepler’s Nova. According to William Eamon; “Kepler identified the supernova with a star that appeared in a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn during the years 7-5 B.C.” 13 Since the supernova of 1604 appeared in a similar conjunction of Jupiter-Saturn later in the series, he reasoned it had a shared kinship with the Star of Bethlehem that showed the Magi the way to Jesus.

Below, Kepler’s drawing of the location of a new star he spotted, as it appeared on 10/9/1604. It is marked with a capital “N” located 4 grid squares up and 4 over from the left. [PUBLIC DOMAIN]

The New Star in Ophiuchus’s foot

Kepler's drawing of the location of a new star he spotted in 1604. It is marked with a capital "N" located 4 grid squares up and 4 over from the left.

In this enlarged graphic of this section of the sky between Sagittarius and Scorpius, where Kepler’s Nova exploded on the scene at Ophiuchus’ heel, this is truly a critical juncture or crossroads in the heavens, if you will. This is where the ecliptic, which houses the 12 signs of the Mazzaroth, [Ps. 19:4-6] crosses the Galactic equator! It is highly fascinating to me that Kepler’s Nova exploded so close to the star Saiph; which means the wounded one, as if to specifically mark it. The Planisphere axis intersects the star Saiph, in the LXX Greek meaning “bruised,” in Ophiuchus‘ heel, 14 This is the same Greek word found in Gen. 3:15 for “bruised,” while Ophiuchus’ other leg is poised over the head of the Scorpion, striking his fatal blow as he crushes the enemy. Kepler’s Supernova marked the celestial inception point of this Planisphere Axis of the Heavens, in kindred harmony with the Jupiter-Saturn conjunction cycle, which over 1600 years previous had qued the Magi to begin their trek to Jerusalem and the birth of Christ.

This is where our interest as students of Biblical Astronomy brings an added focus to the picture, with what we have already documented in previous blogs concerning the Gen. 3:15 Planisphere Axis. This Planisphere Axis intersects a series of Stars, Star pictures and decans, telling a very specific story that not only spans the Ecliptic and the Galactic Equator with the Celestial Gospel but also the Scriptures, regarding the Promised Seed Jesus Christ.

Figure 6. The Ecliptic in relation to the Galactic Equator.

It is very interesting to me that Kepler’s Supernova has not gotten more historical attention than it has, but I’m not surprised that this is the case.  When we consider the location of Kepler’s Supernova in close proximity to the Star Saiph in Ophiuchus’ Foot, being stung by the Scorpion, we are witnessing the first of multiple heel alignments on the Planisphere Axis relating different aspects of the victory of the Promised Seed over the Serpent, as promised in Genesis 3:15. Figure 6 above shows the Galactic Axis in harmony with the Axis of the Planisphere extending through Ophiuchus’ Heel between Sagittarius and Scorpius, on one end with Orion at the other end of the Galactic Plane, depicting the relationship of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Gen. 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

Figure 7. Gen. 3:15 Planisphere Axis.

If we now look at the other end of the Gen. 3:15 Planisphere Axis, we find amazingly that it intersects Orion, specifically at the star in Orion’s foot named Rigel, 16 meaning “the foot that crushes,” which is fitting since it’s pictured crushing the enemy. The main star in Orion’s other leg incredibly is “Saiph” the same word for “bruised“ we saw in Ophiuchus found in Gen. 3:15! Not only do we find both ends of this amazing Planisphere Axis agreeing with the same star name linked to Gen. 3:15, but before the axis reaches Orion’s foot, it intersects the bright star in Orion’s shoulder called Bellatrix, meaning “swiftly destroying,” referring to the swift destruction of the enemy resulting from the perfect sacrifice or “bruising” of the Lord Jesus Christ.

This reference to the spiritual battle between light and darkness, between the serpent and its seed, versus the Woman and her seed, emblazoned in the Star Gospel as God published the serpent’s interminable attempts on the life of the woman’s seed; Jesus Christ who bruises the serpent’s head, indicating the fatal blow that Christ inflicts on the enemy, as opposed to the scorpion stinging Christ’s heel, exhibiting the temporary wound [Saiph] of Christ’s sacrifice, as short-term sufferings that freed all mankind from the serpent’s curse, for eternity!

The “Genesis 3:15 axis” extends through the North pole intersecting a number of constellations and decans relating aspects of the Genesis 3:15, theme from various teaching perspectives. Starting at the bottom of this planisphere axis, we find the Scorpion constellation–Scorpius, whose prominent tail stinger is positioned just under the heel of Ophiuchus the Serpent-bearer constellation, who is also wrestling the serpent as the Scorpion stings his heel. Kepler’s Nova marked the star Saiph at the opening of this Galactic Axis where it crosses the paths of the Sun and Planets through the 12 signs of the Mazzaroth, calling focused vigilance
to this axis, and its alignment of Heels across the heavens between two Stars named “Saiph,” at each end of the Genesis 3:15 Axis. This also establishes the message of Scripture in the first prophecy of the Promised Seed in Genesis, in its three Scriptural elements of the star picture in Fig. 5. The Hebrew word for Scorpion is Akrab, meaning war or conflict; [Ps. 91:13] with the man. 15 

Figure 8. Orion, Lepus and Eridanus. 16
See the source image

As Fig.6 depicts the relation between the Ecliptic and Galactic planes, we can see how the Milky Way crosses the ecliptic constellations between the Scorpion and Sagittarius the Archer to the South, and between the Bull-Taurus and Gemini to the North. A similar view of this Galactic Cross below, depicts the Sagittarius–Gemini Axis intersecting the Virgo-Pisces Axis, that we have discussed previously in a website study pertaining to the Dendera Zodiac with its Axis E. An added detail of the Dendera Zodiac, shows how Axis E points to the sightline for the Galactic Center, located at the tip of the Archer’s arrow, at the Scorpion’s heart. 

In the constellation of the Archer–Sagittarius, the star gamma, shown by the Greek letter akin to a “y,” marks the tip of the arrow sited on the Scorpion. The galactic center (GC) is just above his line of sight. A closer look at this part of the sky reveals the Archer’s final target as the star Antares in the heart of the Scorpion, but due to its near proximity to the Galactic Center; GC, the Archer’s aim appears to point beyond the GC towards Antares. The graphic is described by Graham Hancock as follows;

“The image above shows the celestial setting on 12-17-2012, the Sun has shifted out of the constellation of Scorpio, seen to the right, and is about to enter the constellation of Sagittarius. The yellow horizontal line represents the Plane of the Ecliptic. The cyan colored diagonal line represents the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy. The galactic center can be seen at the intersection of the galactic plane and the bright green vertical line. The heavy white line represents the Winter Solstice. On this day the Sun is closer to the Galactic center than at any other time in its yearly journey through the constellations of the zodiac and is poised precisely at the tip of the Archers arrow. Four days later the Sun crosses the galactic plane on the day of the Winter Solstice.” 17

ancient astronomers

Hancock adds; “This unique perspective is due to the fact that the Earth, the Sun and the Galactic Center are arranged in a quite accurate alignment at an auspicious moment, the moment of Winter Solstice when the Sun begins its return journey to the Northern Hemisphere. 18 As the Sun on the ecliptic moving in its solar cycles, represents Son of God moving ever closer towards his return to gather his saints.

What is striking about this graphic is this alignment of the Earth, and Sun at the Galactic Center during the Winter Solstice, seems to mirror the position of Kepler’s Nova in marking Ophiuchus’ Heel at this key celestial juncture-the heavenly crossroads of the ecliptic and the Galactic Equator! This celestial convergence of signs including a supernova, a Solar conjunction and alignment at the Winter Solstice, that also coincides with the Magi’s arrival in Jerusalem near Christmas, is certainly worthy of our attention.

It seems clear, as the point of the solstice is nearing alignment with the Galactic Center, illustrated by the point of the Archer’s arrow reaching the center target of the Milky Way, is another indicator that we are in the end times, near the Lord’s Return.

Bullinger informs us that “the Arabic name for the sign Sagittarius is Al Kaus, the arrow.”6 This is the king riding in the judgment of Numbers 24:8 who “eats up the nations of his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.” We find more details of the Lord’s return in Habakkuk 3.

Habakkuk 3:3-13

3 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran. Selah His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise. 4 And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of his hand: and there was the hiding of his power. 5 Before him went the pestilence, and burning coals went forth at his feet. 6 He stood, and measured the earth: he beheld, and drove asunder the nations; and the everlasting mountains were scattered, the perpetual hills did bow: his ways are everlasting. 7 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction: and the curtains of the land of Midian did tremble. 8 Was the LORD displeased against the rivers? Was thine anger against the rivers? Was thy wrath against the sea, that thou didst ride upon thine horses and thy chariots of salvation? 9 Thy bow was made quite naked, according to the oaths of the tribes, even thy word. Selah Thou didst cleave the earth with rivers. 10 The mountains saw thee, and they trembled: the overflowing of the water passed by: the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up his hands on high. 11 The sun and moon stood still in their habitation: at the light of thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear. 12 Thou didst march through the land in indignation, thou didst thresh the heathen in anger. 13 Thou wentest forth for the salvation of thy people, even for salvation with thine anointed; thou wounded the head out of the house of the wicked, by discovering the foundation unto the neck.

Here in verses 8-9 we see the Lord fulfilling the oaths of the deliverance of the tribes of Israel, as he bends his mighty Bow in judgment. As he brightly brandishes the weapons of his warfare, his arrows and spear, the heathen fall before him. He wounds the head or leaders of the wicked unto their foundations. None can stand before the wrath of the lord but the righteous, in his coming judgment. This is the mighty Sagittarius riding into Christ’s ultimate victory with his ascended Saints, over the wicked powers of darkness. [Hab. 3:13]

With each passing day, we draw nearer to the undeniable victory of the Lord’s Return! As we witness the signs of the Lord’s rapid Return, we should be rejoicing in this great Hope the Almighty has provided for us, in our daily journey on the paths of Light set before us. In our daily walk, we can also recall the words of Johannes Kepler, who admonished us, above all else, that we are mindful to pursue God’s Glory, not our own.

God Bless!

Agape’

Rene’

Footnotes

1. [tallbloke.wordpress.com] Figure 1 picture credit.
2.  “A little book of Coincidence,” p. 48, John Martineau, Wooden Books 2001
3. IBID p. 30
4. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” W. Burke-Gaffney, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
5. “Witness of the Stars,” ppg. 108-109 E.W. Bullinger
6. Figure 3, picture credit from De Stella Nova. Johannes Kepler
7. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” W. Burke-Gaffney, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
8. IBID
9. IBID
10. “Bill Blair’s Kepler’s Supernova Remnant Page”.
11. Figure 4 picture credit; [Grailgate.com]
12. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” W. Burke-Gaffney, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
13. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” Wm. Eamon, [https://williameamon.com/?p=949]
14. “Witness of the Stars,” E.W. Bullinger
15. “Witness of the Stars,” p. 58 E.W. Bullinger
16. Witness of the Stars, picture credit for Figure 9. E.W. Bullinger,
17. Graham Hancock
19. IBID

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Kepler’s Supernova 1604SN; A Beacon at the Celestial Crossroads.

Kepler’s Supernova 1604SN; A Beacon at the Celestial Crossroads

 On the left side of this month’s Banner graphic pictured above is the Supernova 1987A, which was discovered on Feb. 24th, 1987, as the first supernova explosion witnessed during the age of the tele-scope. Since this occurred over the past 35 years, Supernova analysis has expanded at an exponential rate in modern scientific astronomical research. These studies have grown to include a notable core of data on the 1604 Supernova witnessed by, and named after the German astronomer Johannes Kepler.

Kepler is widely considered the father of modern astronomy and rightly so, but he might not have received this distinction without Tycho Brahe’s observational data, and support unanimously considered the most accurate and comprehensive in pre-telescopic astronomy. Among this data were observational records of the famed Nova of 1572, that disputed the Aristotelian concept of the Immutability of the celestial expanse.

Figure 1. Johannes Kepler’s Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1596. 1

Tycho Brahe’s life as a nobleman was cut short by his untimely death in 1601, though he left a wonderful legacy of most accurate astronomical observations, resulting from 38 years of ingenious work. Kepler on the other hand, was born near Stuttgart in 1571, in post-Reformation Lutheran Germany, was deeply religious and inspired to become a Lutheran Minister, studying theology at the University of Tübingen. At University he was influenced by Copernican Astronomy, but his theological studies were paused when he became a mathematics teacher at Graz in what is now Austria. Kepler first caught the public eye upon publishing Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1596, at only 25 years old. The book explained the arrangement of the solar system planets in terms of the five Platonic solids, in a nested geometrical framework; [Figure 1].

Kepler viewed the planetary order along the lines of the “Music of the Sphere’s,” unifying the basis for the orbits of the outer and inner planets. We see this in a geometric harmony of the solar system, with the orbits of the gas giants; Jupiter, Saturn & Uranus. Figure 2 below depicts the outer, mean and inner orbits of Uranus Saturn and Jupiter using an equilateral triangle and an octagram. This is also a way of showing the structure of the musical Octave, with an eight-pointed star that halves or doubles the wavelengths or frequencies of the musical scale, with an equilateral triangle inscribed inside a circle, with 1/2 the diameter of its outer circle, in Fig. 2.

Figure 2. Geometric orbits of Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter. 2

Image result for Jupiter-Saturn Geometry

The geometry of this diagram not only depicts the musical order of these outer solar system planets, but since Jupiter and Saturn’s orbits are in the proportion of 6:11 to 99.99% accuracy, this is the octave or double of the 3:11 Moon to Earth ratio, to 99.9% accuracy, revealing a geometric harmony and mirror symmetry between the outer and inner planets. This 3:11 earth-moon
proportion is also shared by two of our planetary neighbors, Mars and Venus, to 99.9% accuracy.
Upon closer inspection 3:11 is 27.3%, and the Moon orbits the earth every 27.3 days, in one of its
lunar cycles showing the harmonious pairing of the Earth and Moon. 3

It is this type of insight that Kepler’s Mysterium Cosmographicum afforded us, in how the heavens were Intelligently Designed with a geometrical and musical harmony in mind, according to the mathematics of the Pi, Phi and Lucas ratios. Kepler’s genius was proven in his Laws of Planetary Motion, and upheld in further scientific advances that followed. Kepler’s insight and recognition eventually brought him to the attention and economic sponsorship of Tycho Brahe, whose untimely death in 1601 was a blessing in disguise for Kepler, as this led him to a prestigious position as Imperial Mathematician in Prague, which opened access for him to Brahe’s research data.

His efforts were finally rewarded with the discovery of the first two laws of planetary motion that now bear his name. He discovered the third law several years after proposing the initial laws as he continued working on musical harmony applied to the motion of planets. Kepler’s brilliant blend of a highly creative mind with incisive and imaginative geometrical insights, worked together with his ability as a master mathematical theoretician, to produce these landmark innovations in the history of scientific astronomy.

We have previously covered his observations regarding the Jupiter-Saturn Conjunction series, and their historical and spiritual impact on the birth of Christ in previous blogs relating to the Celestial Prelude, noted below for historical reference. For these and other reasons Kepler has always been one of my favorites in the field of scientific astronomy, and in this study, we take a closer look at Kepler’s work on the supernova that bears his name, and its potential links to the Coma Supernova and the Planisphere Axis. In 1573, Tycho Brahe wrote:

“Last year [1572], in the month of November, on the 11th day of the month, in the evening, after sunset, when I was contemplating the stars in a clear sky, I noticed that a new and unusual star, surpassing the other stars in brilliancy, was shining almost directly above my head; and since I had, from boyhood, known all the stars of the heavens perfectly, it was quite evident to me that there had never been any star in that place of the sky, even the smallest, to say nothing of a star so conspicuous and bright as this.”4 This supernova designated SN 1572 was seen by Brahe in Cassiopeia, but no further supernovae had since been observed with certainty in the Milky Way, until Kepler’s Nova detailed below. Bullinger tells us Brahe discovered this supernova appearing under the arm of the enthroned woman, as this “new star shone more brightly than Venus.” The beta star of the decan bears the Hebrew name Caph, meaning the branch, relating to the branch of victory she holds above her head. Cassiopeia is seated upon the Arctic circle, close by the side of Cepheus the crowned king. This the Bride, the Lamb’s wife, the heavenly city-the New Jerusalem, the partakers of the heavenly calling; [Isa. 62:3-5]. 5

This sight was so shocking to Brahe because it went against the widely accepted understanding that the universe was fixed and immutable. A few decades later, in 1604, Kepler made a similar observation that scientists and stellar observers are still puzzling over. The German mathematician and astronomer, who famously laid out the 3 laws of planetary motion, spotted a light brighter than any other star in the sky, so bright as to be visible during the day for nearly a year. He spent the next few months observing the unknown object, and wrote a book about his observations called “Stella Nova.” The Figure 3 graphic below is from Stella Nova, documenting the triangular form of Jupiter-Saturn Unions from 1583-1743.

Figure 3. The Jupiter-Saturn Great Conjunction triangle from Kepler in his De Stella Nova: 6

Kepler mapped, the progress of the grand conjunctions of Jupiter-Saturn through the zodiac describing a series of equilateral triangles. Every 60 years a triangle of conjunctions is completed, as the conjunction series returned to start again, shifting however nine degrees anticlockwise in respect to its predecessors, thus generating a cycle of 800 years. Figure 3 also documents [with an asterisk] inside the triangles, the union of Jupiter and Saturn in 1603 in Sagittarius to the lower left. This planetary union in the Jupiter-Saturn series predated the 1604 Supernova at Ophiuchus’ Heel, by only a few months. In the early fall of 1604, on the heels of this Jupiter-Saturn union, Mars joined Saturn in conjunction on Sept. 26th. About 2 weeks later Mars also joined Jupiter in union, about 2 degrees below it on Oct. 9th, 1604. 7 Kepler, with some contemporary  astronomers of his, took specific interest in observing this union of Mars and Jupiter, which they noted relating to planetary activity surrounding the Star of Bethlehem. We have shown in previous blogs, their interest was not in vain, evident in the chart below, during the visibility of the Coma Supernova just after the Jupiter-Saturn triple conjunction of 7 BC, there was a Triangular massing of Jupiter, Saturn & Mars on Feb. 25th of 6 BC, followed by a Jupiter-Mars union in the next 8 days, along with the first of 2 Blood Moons in 6-5 BC. These served as key celestial markers that helped the Magi recognize the signs marking the birth of Christ, in 3-2 BC.

 The Celestial Prelude of 7 BC to 5 BC

Date Conjunction of Planets Constellation
May 27th, 7 BC Jupiter-Saturn Pisces
Sept. 15th, 7 BC Jupiter, Saturn; [ring cycle], Sun & Earth aligned. Pisces
Oct. 5th, 7 BC Jupiter-Saturn Pisces
Dec. 1st , 7 BC Jupiter-Saturn Pisces
Feb. 25th 6 BC Triangular massing of Jupiter, Saturn & Mars Pisces
Mar. 5th , 6 BC Jupiter-Mars Pisces
Mar. 23rd, 5 BC Total Lunar Eclipse Virgo
April 15-20, 6 BC Lunar occultation Series
Sept. 15th, 5 BC Total Lunar Eclipse Pisces

 Kepler was at first unable to view this supernova due to cloudy skies, but fellow astronomers Wilhelm Fabry, along with Michael Maestlin at Tubingen and Helisaeus Roeslin at Alsace were able to make their observations on October 9th, but didn’t record their findings on the supernova. 8 The supernova was first detected in Europe by delle Colombe in northern Italy on Oct. 9, 1604. 9 Kepler was only able to begin observations on 17 October while working at the imperial court in Prague. 10 In Fig. 4 below, we find a graphic of the Jupiter-Saturn & Mars union, framing Kepler’s Nova on Oct. 17th, 1604. The supernova was subsequently named after him, despite the fact that he was not its first observer, as he tracked the object for over a year. The sitings are detailed in his book De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii,(“On the New Star in Ophiuchus’s foot” Prague 1606).

Figure 4. Jupiter-Saturn & Mars conjunction, framing Kepler’s Nova on Oct. 17th, 1604. 11

Below in Fig. 5, we see the man Ophiuchus-wrestling the serpent for the Crown of Dominion, with Sagittarius, the adjacent sign-hosting the 1603 Jupiter-Saturn union, as the victorious rider whose arrows are trained on the heart of the Scorpion, [Ps. 45:5] tells a related part of the Genesis 3:15 narrative enacted by Ophiuchus, who crushes the head and heart of the serpent-scorpion underfoot in a fatal blow, while enduring the Scorpion’s sting of physical death, in sacrifice for all mankind. In the Fall of the next year 1604, due to the slow-moving outer planets, Jupiter and Saturn were still found in a similar position not far apart. This was the setting for the 1603 union of Jupiter-Saturn described above in Fig. 3, which can be seen as a Prelude to a Jupiter-Mercury union on 12-23-1603, preceded by fleet Mercury meeting Saturn on 12-22-1603, the previous day.
These two Mercury conjunctions on consecutive days culminated in a triple union of Jupiter-Saturn-Mercury on Christmas day 12-25-1603, forming a notable planetary triangle in the sky. 12 Even as the Magi were led to Jerusalem near Christmas of 3 BC, and subsequently to Bethlehem, in the Celestial Prelude of the Jupiter-Saturn triple union of 7 BC, setting the pattern for the 3-2 BC Triple union of Jupiter-Regulus, so Kepler’s Nova reminded him of the Bethlehem Star near the Jupiter-Saturn conjunction in Sagittarius of 1603, followed by the Triangular massing of Jupiter, Saturn & Mars on Feb. 25th of 6 BC, preceding a Jupiter-Mars union in the next 8 days. With the added similarities of planetary conjunctions including Mars, and the Mercury unions with Jupiter-Saturn leading to a triangular massing of planets on Christmas, we find added planetary kinship with the May 19th, 3 BC Mercury-Saturn union in Taurus as an opening sign leading to the actual parade of signs marking the birth of Christ in 3-2 BC.

Figure 5. Ophiuchus viewed between and above Scorpio and Sagittarius.

As we found in Figure 4 above, when combined with the information in Figure 3, the three planets Jupiter-Saturn–Mars are located at the vertices of the Trigon marking Jupiter-Saturn unions, linking the planetary conjunction series with Kepler’s Nova. According to William Eamon; “Kepler identified the supernova with a star that appeared in a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn during the years 7-5 B.C.” 13 Since the supernova of 1604 appeared in a similar conjunction of Jupiter-Saturn later in the series, he reasoned it had a shared kinship with the Star of Bethlehem that showed the Magi the way to Jesus.

Below, Kepler’s drawing of the location of a new star he spotted, as it appeared on 10/9/1604. It is marked with a capital “N” located 4 grid squares up and 4 over from the left. [PUBLIC DOMAIN]

The New Star in Ophiuchus’s foot

Kepler's drawing of the location of a new star he spotted in 1604. It is marked with a capital "N" located 4 grid squares up and 4 over from the left.

In this enlarged graphic of this section of the sky between Sagittarius and Scorpius, where Kepler’s Nova exploded on the scene at Ophiuchus’ heel, this is truly a critical juncture or crossroads in the heavens, if you will. This is where the ecliptic, which houses the 12 signs of the Mazzaroth, [Ps. 19:4-6] crosses the Galactic equator! It is highly fascinating to me that Kepler’s Nova exploded so close to the star Saiph; which means the wounded one, as if to specifically mark it. The Planisphere axis intersects the star Saiph, in the LXX Greek meaning “bruised,” in Ophiuchus‘ heel, 14 This is the same Greek word found in Gen. 3:15 for “bruised,” while Ophiuchus’ other leg is poised over the head of the Scorpion, striking his fatal blow as he crushes the enemy. Kepler’s Supernova marked the celestial inception point of this Planisphere Axis of the Heavens, in kindred harmony with the Jupiter-Saturn conjunction cycle, which over 1600 years previous had qued the Magi to begin their trek to Jerusalem and the birth of Christ.

This is where our interest as students of Biblical Astronomy brings an added focus to the picture, with what we have already documented in previous blogs concerning the Gen. 3:15 Planisphere Axis. This Planisphere Axis intersects a series of Stars, Star pictures and decans, telling a very specific story that not only spans the Ecliptic and the Galactic Equator with the Celestial Gospel but also the Scriptures, regarding the Promised Seed Jesus Christ.

Figure 6. The Ecliptic in relation to the Galactic Equator.

It is very interesting to me that Kepler’s Supernova has not gotten more historical attention than it has, but I’m not surprised that this is the case.  When we consider the location of Kepler’s Supernova in close proximity to the Star Saiph in Ophiuchus’ Foot, being stung by the Scorpion, we are witnessing the first of multiple heel alignments on the Planisphere Axis relating different aspects of the victory of the Promised Seed over the Serpent, as promised in Genesis 3:15. Figure 6 above shows the Galactic Axis in harmony with the Axis of the Planisphere extending through Ophiuchus’ Heel between Sagittarius and Scorpius, on one end with Orion at the other end of the Galactic Plane, depicting the relationship of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Gen. 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

Figure 7. Gen. 3:15 Planisphere Axis.

If we now look at the other end of the Gen. 3:15 Planisphere Axis, we find amazingly that it intersects Orion, specifically at the star in Orion’s foot named Rigel, 16 meaning “the foot that crushes,” which is fitting since it’s pictured crushing the enemy. The main star in Orion’s other leg incredibly is “Saiph” the same word for “bruised“ we saw in Ophiuchus found in Gen. 3:15! Not only do we find both ends of this amazing Planisphere Axis agreeing with the same star name linked to Gen. 3:15, but before the axis reaches Orion’s foot, it intersects the bright star in Orion’s shoulder called Bellatrix, meaning “swiftly destroying,” referring to the swift destruction of the enemy resulting from the perfect sacrifice or “bruising” of the Lord Jesus Christ.

This reference to the spiritual battle between light and darkness, between the serpent and its seed, versus the Woman and her seed, emblazoned in the Star Gospel as God published the serpent’s interminable attempts on the life of the woman’s seed; Jesus Christ who bruises the serpent’s head, indicating the fatal blow that Christ inflicts on the enemy, as opposed to the scorpion stinging Christ’s heel, exhibiting the temporary wound [Saiph] of Christ’s sacrifice, as short-term sufferings that freed all mankind from the serpent’s curse, for eternity!

The “Genesis 3:15 axis” extends through the North pole intersecting a number of constellations and decans relating aspects of the Genesis 3:15, theme from various teaching perspectives. Starting at the bottom of this planisphere axis, we find the Scorpion constellation–Scorpius, whose prominent tail stinger is positioned just under the heel of Ophiuchus the Serpent-bearer constellation, who is also wrestling the serpent as the Scorpion stings his heel. Kepler’s Nova marked the star Saiph at the opening of this Galactic Axis where it crosses the paths of the Sun and Planets through the 12 signs of the Mazzaroth, calling focused vigilance
to this axis, and its alignment of Heels across the heavens between two Stars named “Saiph,” at each end of the Genesis 3:15 Axis. This also establishes the message of Scripture in the first prophecy of the Promised Seed in Genesis, in its three Scriptural elements of the star picture in Fig. 5. The Hebrew word for Scorpion is Akrab, meaning war or conflict; [Ps. 91:13] with the man. 15 

Figure 8. Orion, Lepus and Eridanus. 16
See the source image

As Fig.6 depicts the relation between the Ecliptic and Galactic planes, we can see how the Milky Way crosses the ecliptic constellations between the Scorpion and Sagittarius the Archer to the South, and between the Bull-Taurus and Gemini to the North. A similar view of this Galactic Cross below, depicts the Sagittarius–Gemini Axis intersecting the Virgo-Pisces Axis, that we have discussed previously in a website study pertaining to the Dendera Zodiac with its Axis E. An added detail of the Dendera Zodiac, shows how Axis E points to the sightline for the Galactic Center, located at the tip of the Archer’s arrow, at the Scorpion’s heart. 

In the constellation of the Archer–Sagittarius, the star gamma, shown by the Greek letter akin to a “y,” marks the tip of the arrow sited on the Scorpion. The galactic center (GC) is just above his line of sight. A closer look at this part of the sky reveals the Archer’s final target as the star Antares in the heart of the Scorpion, but due to its near proximity to the Galactic Center; GC, the Archer’s aim appears to point beyond the GC towards Antares. The graphic is described by Graham Hancock as follows;

“The image above shows the celestial setting on 12-17-2012, the Sun has shifted out of the constellation of Scorpio, seen to the right, and is about to enter the constellation of Sagittarius. The yellow horizontal line represents the Plane of the Ecliptic. The cyan colored diagonal line represents the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy. The galactic center can be seen at the intersection of the galactic plane and the bright green vertical line. The heavy white line represents the Winter Solstice. On this day the Sun is closer to the Galactic center than at any other time in its yearly journey through the constellations of the zodiac and is poised precisely at the tip of the Archers arrow. Four days later the Sun crosses the galactic plane on the day of the Winter Solstice.” 17

ancient astronomers

Hancock adds; “This unique perspective is due to the fact that the Earth, the Sun and the Galactic Center are arranged in a quite accurate alignment at an auspicious moment, the moment of Winter Solstice when the Sun begins its return journey to the Northern Hemisphere. 18 As the Sun on the ecliptic moving in its solar cycles, represents Son of God moving ever closer towards his return to gather his saints.

What is striking about this graphic is this alignment of the Earth, and Sun at the Galactic Center during the Winter Solstice, seems to mirror the position of Kepler’s Nova in marking Ophiuchus’ Heel at this key celestial juncture-the heavenly crossroads of the ecliptic and the Galactic Equator! This celestial convergence of signs including a supernova, a Solar conjunction and alignment at the Winter Solstice, that also coincides with the Magi’s arrival in Jerusalem near Christmas, is certainly worthy of our attention.

It seems clear, as the point of the solstice is nearing alignment with the Galactic Center, illustrated by the point of the Archer’s arrow reaching the center target of the Milky Way, is another indicator that we are in the end times, near the Lord’s Return.

Bullinger informs us that “the Arabic name for the sign Sagittarius is Al Kaus, the arrow.”6 This is the king riding in the judgment of Numbers 24:8 who “eats up the nations of his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.” We find more details of the Lord’s return in Habakkuk 3.

Habakkuk 3:3-13

3 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran. Selah His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise. 4 And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of his hand: and there was the hiding of his power. 5 Before him went the pestilence, and burning coals went forth at his feet. 6 He stood, and measured the earth: he beheld, and drove asunder the nations; and the everlasting mountains were scattered, the perpetual hills did bow: his ways are everlasting. 7 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction: and the curtains of the land of Midian did tremble. 8 Was the LORD displeased against the rivers? Was thine anger against the rivers? Was thy wrath against the sea, that thou didst ride upon thine horses and thy chariots of salvation? 9 Thy bow was made quite naked, according to the oaths of the tribes, even thy word. Selah Thou didst cleave the earth with rivers. 10 The mountains saw thee, and they trembled: the overflowing of the water passed by: the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up his hands on high. 11 The sun and moon stood still in their habitation: at the light of thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear. 12 Thou didst march through the land in indignation, thou didst thresh the heathen in anger. 13 Thou wentest forth for the salvation of thy people, even for salvation with thine anointed; thou wounded the head out of the house of the wicked, by discovering the foundation unto the neck.

Here in verses 8-9 we see the Lord fulfilling the oaths of the deliverance of the tribes of Israel, as he bends his mighty Bow in judgment. As he brightly brandishes the weapons of his warfare, his arrows and spear, the heathen fall before him. He wounds the head or leaders of the wicked unto their foundations. None can stand before the wrath of the lord but the righteous, in his coming judgment. This is the mighty Sagittarius riding into Christ’s ultimate victory with his ascended Saints, over the wicked powers of darkness. [Hab. 3:13]

With each passing day, we draw nearer to the undeniable victory of the Lord’s Return! As we witness the signs of the Lord’s rapid Return, we should be rejoicing in this great Hope the Almighty has provided for us, in our daily journey on the paths of Light set before us. In our daily walk, we can also recall the words of Johannes Kepler, who admonished us, above all else, that we are mindful to pursue God’s Glory, not our own.

God Bless!

Agape’

Rene’

Footnotes

1. [tallbloke.wordpress.com] Figure 1 picture credit.
2.  “A little book of Coincidence,” p. 48, John Martineau, Wooden Books 2001
3. IBID p. 30
4. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” W. Burke-Gaffney, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
5. “Witness of the Stars,” ppg. 108-109 E.W. Bullinger
6. Figure 3, picture credit from De Stella Nova. Johannes Kepler
7. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” W. Burke-Gaffney, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
8. IBID
9. IBID
10. “Bill Blair’s Kepler’s Supernova Remnant Page”.
11. Figure 4 picture credit; [Grailgate.com]
12. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” W. Burke-Gaffney, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
13. “Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem.” Wm. Eamon, [https://williameamon.com/?p=949]
14. “Witness of the Stars,” E.W. Bullinger
15. “Witness of the Stars,” p. 58 E.W. Bullinger
16. Witness of the Stars, picture credit for Figure 9. E.W. Bullinger,
17. Graham Hancock
19. IBID

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