Archive for the ‘ Sun ’ Category


Ancient Megalithic Code of the Great Pyramid, Stonehenge and New Jerusalem
.

Happy Memorial Day Weekend to everyone!

It has always been fascinating to me that two of the most renown megalithic structures in history, the Great Pyramid and Stonehenge, share a unique relationship as Monuments to the wisdom of the ancients. These ancient wonders however, share much more in how they embody the message of their wisdom for mankind. I have referred previously in my archive of blogs and studies to how the Great Pyramid is a witness to Jesus Christ, as Isaiah tells us, [Isa. 19:18-20]. This study represents my first blog pertaining to Stonehenge specifically, and its unique relationship to the Great PyramidIsaiah’s description of the Great Pyramid includes its location, and that its primary purpose is to serve as a witness for Christ. As we will see, the location of Stonehenge also is unique not only in its witness, but also in its relationship with the Great Pyramid. I first had the occasion to visit Stonehenge in the mid-90’s on my way from London to Bristol, England, as a guest teacher to fellowship with the great Bristol believers lead by Brendy McCann, who showed me wonderful hospitality during my stay. The warm and radiant hearts of God’s people, with the beauty of the green pastures and countryside, left an indelible impression on me that I will never forget!

The media and the message of both of these megalithic structures is sacred geometry. Geometry is a Greek word that literally means the measure of the earth. In History, mankind has used geometry to measure land boundaries, in surveying techniques, & building technology, while also drawing conceptual borders between the sacred and profane. In this light, geometry becomes sacred in at least two way, first where it is found in Scripture, and second as it embodies certain sacred ratios like Pi, or Phi in its orientation in specific directions, many times with astronomical significance. Perhaps this is why Stonehenge’s trilithons resemble the character pi, long before the Greeks adopted it, denoting the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. Archaeologists have more than not over-looked geographical coordinates in the study of ancient monuments, but the latitude of Stonehenge is a simple and elegant function of pi. Furthermore, similar functions specify with great accuracy the location of Craig Rhos-Y-Felin, the quarry from which the bluestones were taken to build StonehengeHistorians remain unsure of how these Blue Stones were moved to their current location, since their origin from the Perseli mountains, is 240 miles away from the site of Stonehenge.

Plate 1. The Great Central Stonehenge Trilithon.

The Trilithons of Stonehenge allude to π and their own [1, 1, π] latitude.

The focus of Sacred Geometry across many cultures embodied in structures from stone circles to pyramids, permeates the archetypal patterns expressed via architectural, mathematical or natural proportion. In natural proportions, we find the main reasons why this geometry is considered sacred, since it reflects the mathematical patterns behind God’s Creation and handiwork. These patterns are readily found in the structure of water, and its flow in rivers, or in the crystalline order of snowflakes and ice. This mathematical order is found in the study of gematria in the number values of the words used in Scripture. This provides specific links to the truth of God’s Word relative to the subject matter and context of Scripture on certain relevant topics. As we’ll see in this study, the designers of the Egyptian Pyramids, and Stonehenge, applied sacred geometry in the layout and orientation of their structures, even to the point of aligning them!

The earliest stages of Stonehenge were raised near the same time of the building of the Great Pyramid of Giza, and Stonehenge is part of the same neolithic complex as Avebury on Salisbury Plain. Avebury is located at 51.4286N, 1.854W. Some 1450m to the south, we find  Europe’s largest man-made mound: the 40m high, conical Silbury Hill. Given that Avebury is situated exactly (4/7) ×90◦ north of the equator, it is key to consider Silbury Hill’s latitude, 51.41574 ±0.00004in the context of Stonehenge, which is 6 megalithic miles away or 86,400 feet from Silbury Hill, whose latitude is 90◦ × 3999/7000 90× [1,1,3,142,1,1,3]. Here we see that the 2π/7 latitude of Avebury is far more succinct; [1,1,3] × 90. Viewing the slightly modified continued fraction [1, 1, π], where the angle (3999/7000) × 90◦ falls in this range, suggests that Silbury Hill was precisely located just 1/7000 south of Avebury, confirming the idea that Avebury’s notable latitude is not by chance. 1#

Image result for creature and creator.ca/stonehenge images

In her discussion of the circles constituting Stonehenge, Bonnie Gaunt relates the orientation of the Sarsen and Aubrey Circles, not only in context of the Great Pyramid, but with New Jerusalem also. Gaunt states; “assuming that the 360◦ of Aubrey’s Circle could be a timeline of 7,000 years, it is a simple matter of math to determine that one year would equal .051428.” Using this idea, Stonehenge could become a chronometer with the Aubrey Circle as the dateline: one circuit of its circumference representing a period of 7000 years relative to man’s history. The azimuth’s, or points where each alignment intersects the Aubrey Circle become date points. Bible chronologers called this span of 7000 years a “day,” the Hebrew word for day; “yom” has a gematria value of 56, correlating to the 56 holes [8 x 7of the Aubrey Circle.” 2#

This led to Gaunt developing a theory that the Aubrey Circle was a timeline, and that the summer solstice sunrise marked the zero point on the Sarsen Circle, wherein she compiled an in-depth description of each alignment related to human history, which she published in her book “Stonehenge…a closer look.”#3

Stonehenge is an ancient real time calendar laid out in a perfect circle, which maps out seasons, equinoxes and solstices, and has long been regarded as a place to celebrate and venerate the Summer Solstice. The Summer solstice or “mid-summer,” usually occurs between June 20-22, when the axis of the Earth tilts toward the sun. The sun not only reaches its highest point in the sky, seen from the north and the south pole, but those north of the earth’s equator experience the longest period of daylight for the year. People usually flock to Stonehenge at this time of the year because the solstice sun sits perfectly in between the U-shaped stones; [Fig. E below] known as trilithons two vertical stones capped by a horizontal lintel, as in Plate 1 above.

Thus, the Heelstone Axis of the sunrise alignment bisecting Stonehenge, framed between the arch of stones 15-16 in the Sarsen Circleextended between stones 55-56, in the lower slot of the Great Central Trilithon, next divides stones 31-49 of the Bluestone Circle, to finally divide stones 30-1, at the other end of the Sarsen Circle, splitting the gap between the Slaughter stones, where our brilliant sun appears to rest atop the Heelstone, fixing Stonehenge’s original alignment seen on the central axis of the solid red arrow in Figure A below. 4#

Figures A. Stonehenge’s Central Axis between two Slaughter stones, aligned to the Heelstone, and horizon#5/B. Stonehenge Circles .#6

A.  B. 

This is why the line from the center of the Sarsen Circle to the center of the Heelstone is 51.85 from North, and it never changes. In the works of Bonnie Gaunt, she states that; “I became aware of the astounding fact that the angle to sunrise & North at Stonehenge was the same exact angle as that of the face of the Great Pyramid, namely, 51.85.”[7#] This is an initial common point shared between Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid that contributes to their alignment on the face of the earth. Stonehenge is built on the only place in the northern hemisphere where the azimuth of the summer solstice sunrise forms an angle of 51.85 from North, as seen in Fig. H. below.

The Sarsen Circle consisted of 30 upright stones, topped by 30 lintels, using “tongue and groove to join the lintels. If we divide the circumference of the Sarsen Circle by 30, we obtain the width of one upright, plus the interval between; [3.52 ft.] equaling 10.56 feet. This also relates to the Sarsen circle’s diameter of its outer face at 105.6 feet. Once we divide the height of the stones with their lintels, by 10.56, the resulting ratio is a very close approx. of Phi. The average width of these uprights is 7.04 ft, with intervals between of 3.52 ft. Multiplying this interval by 30 of the uprights in the Sarsen Circle [3.52 x 30=105.6], equals 1056, as seen in Image 8a below. In Ex. 33:22 the “cleft of the Rock” also has a gematria value of 1056, where Moses hid from God’s presence, is a picture of Christ. This numeric value of 10.56 ft. also matches the length of the Reed seen by Ezekiel in his vision of the measuring the temple, specifically in the height of the “most holy,” part of the Temple, [Ezek. 40:5]. This reed consisted of 6 great cubits, to which a hand breadth was added, equivalent to 18:14 British inches. With the extra handbreadth the total measure for this Reed of Ezekiel was 21.12 British inches, or 1.76 feet. Six of these great cubits totaled a reed of 10.56 ft.”#7a As Isaiah told us [Isa. 19:20]; “He shall send them a Savior and a great one,” with a value of 1056 referring to Christ embodied in the Great Pyramid.#These 30 Lintels, form a perfect circle atop the uprights, having a mean length of 10.56 feet, once multiplied, produce the 316.8 value; [10.56 x 3=31.68], as we will see below is a key number pointing to Jesus Christ.

Image 8a. Sarsen Circle lintel dimensions. #8a

Stonehenge 06

“The Sarsen Circle at Stonehenge had an outer rim circumference to code 345.6 feet or 11.52 inches per degree of arc.”#9 There are
a series of circles at Stonehenge that are in a direct Phi relationship to each other. The Phi diminishing circles start out on the Avenue where marked positions indicate a diameter that is a Phi increase of the Aubrey Circle. The most noted Phi relation at Stonehenge is that of the Sarsen Circle to the Bluestone Circle, where the ratio between the squares of their radii is phiStonehenge Phi circles are 466 feet, reduced by Phi to 288 feet (Aubrey Circle), reduced by Phi to 178 feet (“Y” Holes), reducing by Phi to 110 feet (Sarsen Circle outer rim), etc. The “Z Holes Circle (132 foot diameter) is a non-Phi customized circle, which codes a navigational diameter of the “11 series.#10 This number of 3456 is also found at Stonehenge in the measure of inches of the diagonal of the Station Stone Rectangle, along with the diameter of the Aubrey Circle. It is also prominent applied to our Sun, as it measures not only the square drawn tangent to its perimeter at 3,456,000 miles, but also the Sun’s radius at 3456,000 furlongs

THE 51.84-DEGREES and 25920 YEAR CODES.

The side angle of the Great Pyramid was intended to code 51.84-degrees. The Great Pyramid covers a base area of 5184 square reeds. Herodotus, said that the Great Pyramid was 8-Egyptian acres per side. Inasmuch as each face equates to 230400 square feet (11520 x 2), we now know that an Egyptian acre was 28800 sq. feet. Therefore, there are 32 Egyptian acres in the Pyramid’s 4 faces and 19.845 in the base… or 51.845 overall. The 5184 coding was used in navigation, and a circle based upon a diameter of 1 league (16500 feet) covered 51840 feet in circumference …breaking down to 144 feet per degree of arc. The Menkaure Pyramid’s combined Egyptian acreage (4 faces and base) is 11.52 exactly under its Phi dimensional assignmentA Phi increase of the Aubrey Circle at Stonehenge (288 feet) produces a marked circle of 466 ft. The number 51.84 is 1/500th of 25920…the number of years in the Precession of the Equinoxes. 11#

“The steep sided, flat bottomed 56 Holes of Aubrey’s circle vary from 2.5 to almost 6 feet in width and between 2 to 5 feet in depth. Although irregular in shape, there is little irregularity in their spacing. They formed a very accurately measured circle 288 feet in diameter with a 16-foot interval between their center points. The greatest radial error was 19 inches and greatest circumferential or interval spacing error was 21 inches. It’s noted that such accurate spacing of 56 holes around the circumference of so large a circle was no mean engineering feat.”12He discovered also, that lunar eclipses could be predicted through a system of moving stones around the circle of Aubrey Holes.

A number of these alignments involved the Equinox Moon, that is the full Moon nearest the Spring equinox; and the Passover Full Moon. One of these alignments involved one of the Station Stones [#94] as it aligns with the Heelstone. A related line drawn adjacent to the Station Stone alignment below, in Fig. Cintersects the Aubrey Circle dateline in the Fall of 2 BC, at Equinox Moonset, with the corresponding Equinox Moonrise marked in the Fall of 3507 BC. 13# Of interest here is after this Equinox Moonset in 2 BC, was when the Magi appeared in Jerusalem in Dec. of 2 BC, at the winter solstice and later found the young child Jesus-over a year-old in Bethlehem. The Passover Full Moon relates to the Station Stones of Stonehenge, seen in the circumference of the Aubrey Circle, where four unhewn boulders are found forming the corners of a rectangle within the Aubrey Circle, below in Figure C. Sir William Petrie first numbered these lunar alignment stones 91-94, but only 91 & 93 remain today. [See also Fig. F. below]

Figure C. The Stonehenge Complex with luni-solar alignments. #14

The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map:

First, it is vital to understand how the geometric alignments of Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid intersect. We find this represented, as a symbol of atonement in Squared-Circle geometry with both megalithic edifices, reconciling [squareman, temporalEarth to the [circle-God, spiritual] in heaven. The Great Pyramid thus embodies its location and purpose as a solar male monument, and only one of two aligned buildings on the earth’s surface that both feature squared-circle geometry symbolizing Christ’s atonement sacrifice on Rosh Hashannahthe day of his birth. Stonehenge is a lunar female edifice with two inner circles of stones, one in a U-shape of a womb/Omega sign, [Fig. B] thought to symbolize the conception date of Christ at the winter solstice sunset.”#15  This was witnessed at Stonehenge 9 months prior to the Great Pyramid’s autumn equinox marker. [Figure G.]

Gerald Hawkins was the first to apply the computer to his analysis of Stonehenge, proved that this stone circle was aligned to the rising and setting points of the Sun and Moon. It was common knowledge for millennia prior to Hawkins, that Heelstone was aligned to the summer solstice sunrise, which was a local draw for onlookers to witness annually on summer solstice mornings, leading some researchers to conclude this was the design of the monument’s axis. It’s interesting that Heelstone’s alignment, not only perfectly bisects the Sarsen Circle of Stonehenge, but the full orb of the Sun is framed and enclosed in the lower slot of the Great Central Trilithon in the center of Figs. D & E below;

Figure D. Stonehenge Restored. 16# http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/458/

Stonehenge Stone Circle – The Modern Antiquarian.com

The lunar female construction of Stonehenge with two inner circles of stones in a U-shapedwomb or Omega symbol is thought to mark the date of conception of the Lord at the winter solstice sunset. It is aligned to the Winter Solstice Sunset, 9 months prior to the fall equinox marker of the Great Pyramid; a male, solar construction tied to the Alpha symbol. The position of the Moon’s alignment in the Trilithon’s upper window, with the sun in the lower split windows of the central-tallest Trilithon, provides a singular astronomical marking from this ancient megalithic monument, of the conception and birth of Christ, viewed from the marker stones to the southeast on winter solstice sunset.

In this alignment it appeared to observers that the sun was resting upon the Heelstone, making Stonehenge a most precisely aligned solar observatory in the ancient world. In these two windows at Stonehenge just above the main altar stone of the innermost U-shaped of the stone circles, [female womb] the Moon sets above the sun in the upper of two windows at winter solstice sunset, positioned to receive and inter-face with light [male symbol] from the rising Sun and Moon in the east. In John 1:7 Jesus is called “the light” with a gematria value of 2640, related to 264.#17 Since the zero has no numerical value in gematria, it can be dropped, equalizing the values of 264 and 2640. From the Winter Solstice sunset to the Fall Equinox is 9 months, [human gestation cycle] the Fall Equinox marking the Biblical holy day of Rosh Hashanah and the birth of Christ on 9/11/3 BC. Also, in Israel it is the Day of Trumpets, when Kings are anointed over their kingdoms, and the reigns of Israel’s Kings were always calculated from this day on Tishri 1.

Figure E. Lower and upper windows framed in the Central Trilithon at Stonehenge.#18

The Architect of Stonehenge chose the one spot on the surface in the northern hemisphere of the earth, where solar and lunar alignments form a rectangle. Station Stones 91-92 parallel the axis of Stonehenge aligned to the summer solstice sunrise, as do stones 93-94, forming the short side of the rectangle. The two remaining Station stones 91-93 form the diagonal of the rectangle with their lunar alignments. #19 It is key that the lunar alignments of the diagonal of the rectangle formed by Station stones 91-93, point straight to the Great Pyramid on the Giza‘ Plateau, that qualifies as a highly notable sign, in Fig. F below marked as Stonehenge Sunrise alignments are seen between stones 91-93. The fact that the measure of the longside of the Station Stone Rectangle is 264 feet, is a witness to the gematria accuracy of Scripture. Since the Hebrew/Greek Alphabets are alpha-numeric, where every letter in their alphabets is also a specific number, so “number values of the letters in the Biblical Hebrew/Greek alphabets, can be calculated and compared to decipher the numerical gematria Bible codes.” This provides added levels of numerical verification of Scripture, divinely designed into God’s Word, attesting to the accuracy of Holy Writ.

 An example of this related to our current topic of Stonehenge, as an astro-archaeological monument, significant for its luni-solar alignments, that function as signs [G4592semion]; pointing to someone or something significant to come.#20 Since [Isa. 19: 19-21] tells us the Great Pyramid is “an altar in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to the Lord. And it shall be for a sign and a witness to the Lord of Hosts in the land of Egypt, and He shall send them a Savior, and a great one, and he shall deliver them.”

Plate 2. The Station Stone Rectangle with its Diagonal as a 5:12/13 Phi Rectangle.#21

5. Stonehenge - 6. Royal Mile, foot and planets - 7. Stonehenge and the quarry - Newton and his ...

Since the dimensions of the Station Stone Rectangle conform to a Phi Rectangle with 5:12/13 Fibonacci proportions, we can see how the principles of divine proportionPhi are present in the Sacred Geometry of Stonehenge. With the solar-lunar alignments of the Station Stone diagonal of Stonehenge pointing directly to the Great Pyramid, it points also as a sign and witness to the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ! An interesting note here is related to some of the common measures shared in the Station Stone Rectangle of Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid; The perimeter of the Stonehenge Rectangle is .144 of a mile, while the length of one side of the Great Pyramid also measures .144 of a mile. Two sides would be .288 of a mile, with three @.432 of a mile, giving a perimeter of .576 of a mile. If we straighten out this rectangle it would equal the measure of one side of the Great Pyramid at rock level. #22 When converted to a measure for reeds, the sides of the Great Pyramid are 72 reeds. Two sides measure 144 reeds, which is a number value for Greek words describing our “everlasting” [144] and divine nature [144]. #23 The Kingdom of Heaven has a gematria value of 2880, aligns with Jesus as the king of this kingdom, as Zecharia refers to him-“He shall be a priest on his throne,” with a value of 288. The Aubrey Circle at Stonehenge, as seen before, forms a very accurately measured circle 288 feet in diameter, with a 1728 in. radius, also the number not only for the perimeter of the Khufu Pyramid in great cubits, but also for holy Jerusalem, [Rev. 21:10].#24 Added to this, the 1728 furlongs of it’s diameter, provides a well-rounded witness for Stonehenge, the Great Pyramid and New Jerusalem, with the two great lights of Gen. 1:16.

Figure F. Stonehenge and the Station Stone Rectangle. #25

In Acts 2:18-21;

18 And on My menservants and on My maidservants, I will pour out My Spirit in those days; And they shall prophesy.
19 I will show wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneathBlood and fire and vapor of smoke.
20 The sun shall be turned into darknessAnd the moon into blood, Before the coming of the great and awesome day of the Lord.
21 And it shall come to pass That whoever calls on the name of the Lord Shall be saved.’

Back in July of 2021 Rev. Jon Nessle taught us about the record of Peter’s sermon on the Day of Pentecost in 28 AD. His teaching on the Figure of SpeechMerismos was a key revelation to us all, and a milestone to me especially with Peter’s reference to the Prophet Joel in Acts 2:17-21. Jon taught us that in v. 20 where; “The sun shall be turned into darkness and the Moon into blood before the great and notable day of the Lord come,” first refers to solar and lunar eclipses that don’t take place together as the science confirms. Since this reference does not point to literal truth, it must be figurative. As solar and lunar eclipses depict the Moon on opposite sides of the earth, it represents a “juxtaposition of 2 extremes,” which in Biblical Figures of Speech is called a Merism. This figure illustrates a combination of two contrasting words or subjects in reference to an entirety, as from “A to Z.”#26 Since this Merismos in Acts 2:20 is celestial in nature, the entirety referred to here is different kinds Celestial signs, not only Solar and Lunar eclipses, taking place before the Lord’s Return. Since Peter’s Pentecost Sermon in Acts 2 took place on the opening day of the Age of Grace, the entirety of Celestial Signs can potentially include all these signs during the administration of the Age of Grace. Thus, we are very thankful that the Heavenly Father gave us both a general and specific pattern of various celestial signs that not only marked the birth of Christ, but also mark his Return, based on similar celestial patterns in each case. This is the basic premise of the Celestial Prelude, which are the preliminary celestial signs that allowed the Magi to recognize the actual signs marking the birth of Christ, in the first Celestial Prelude.

 This prophecy spoken by the Apostle Peter in his teaching on the Day of Pentecost, and birthday of the Christian Church, points out the key role of luni-solar signs leading to the Lord’s return. This is supported in the phrase found in James 5:8-“the coming of the Lord” with a gematria value also of 2640. If the number 2640 of this measure is converted to inches-it will equal 3168, or the number of the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. #27

Image #27a. Alternate Measuring Standards of the Station Stone Rectangle.

Stonehenge 10

In fact, the long-side of the Station Stone Rectangle at 264 not only equals 3168 inches, but 88 yards, .4 of a furlong, .5 of a mile, and 25 Reeds, among others. #28 The Image 27a above provides a basic key to translate the measures of various world standards, to decipher the dimensions provided for the Great Pyramid, Stonehenge and New Jerusalem, as presented in this study. In Graphic 1 below in its explanatory notes, overlay the Station Stone Rectangle on the ecliptic circle and related Great Pyramid Latitude of 30 degrees N, the vertical [redblue] line that bisects the planisphere below, mirrors the point where the ecliptic crosses the galactic equator. This also conforms to the primary Stonehenge axis of the Summer solstice sunrise.

Graphic 1. Station Stone Rectangle overlayed on the ecliptic. #29

Ancient World Blog: Stonehenge Station Stones : Precession of the Equinoxes (Axial Precession) : A Graphic-Based Decipherment Encore

As He set the truth of the coming redeemer-Jesus Christ in His Written Word, He also backed these truths with many signs and wonders on earth, and in the heavens. These Heavenly Signs spoke to those with eyes to see, according to the principles of the Celestial Gospel, first revealed to men of God like Abraham, in the Patriarchal administration, [Gen. 15:4-6, Gen. 17], just as surely as the witness of the Scriptures. As this was the case with the first coming of Christ, so it is with his imminent Return. In light of the merismos-figure of speech in Acts 2, that refers to solar and lunar eclipses specifically, but includes a general reference to all types of celestial signs in the Age of Grace, our examination of the Great Pyramid, Stonehenge and New Jerusalem signs” for example, take on added meaning and depth for the end times, since God provided a blueprint of heavenly signs, starting over 2000 years ago, marking the birth of Christ, in the first Celestial Prelude, providing the keys to our recognition of The Celestial Encore of Christ’s 2nd Coming.

The Lord Jesus Christ = 3168 is the Word and Alpha and Omega,” [Rev. 22:13]

Jesus the Word is also called Alpha and Omega. This refers to the Word as being the apex of what God can communicate of Himself in human form, without losing any of His own identity. Alpha and Omega is another example of the figure Merismos, being the first and last, in a series also representing an entirety. #30 The Lord Jesus Christ with a numeric value of 3168 as the First and Last means of salvation for mankind, is the pivotal character in bringing salvation to humanity, to establish God’s Kingdom on Earth. He is also the “Mediator between God and man” –3168 in [1Tim. 2:5]. #31 This number is seen not only in the 316.8 ft. circumference of the Sarsen Circle, but also the 316.8 ft. long-side of the Station Stone Rectangle

  Thus, when God ordained and spoke His WORD, He ordained the words of the Greek and Hebrew languages with His numeric signature; as the Alpha and Omega, He invented the Greek alphabet from the letters alpha to omega. When the Almighty spoke the universe into being in Gen. 1:1, the sonic boom of His Spoken Word left a deep impression on all Creation, which is still discernible in the imprint of the Cosmic Background Radiation. The sweet sounds of His Words were ordained by God even, as the Greek and Hebrew languages both were indispensable aspects of the Design and communication of all Creation, spoken into existence by the Word of God. At Stonehenge we find the relationship between the Sarsen circle [outer circle in Fig. G.] to the Bluestone Circle [inner circle in Fig. G.] as the same as that of New Jerusalem as seen in Fig. G below. #32

Figure G. Squared-Circle Sacred Geometry of Stonehenge, the Great Pyramid and New Jerusalem. #33

The Four Earthly Elements

The diameter of the New Jerusalem wall is 7,920,000 feet [Bluestone inner circle].
The diameter of the Stonehenge’s circle is 79.2 feet [Bluestone inner circle].

The perimeter of the New Jerusalem Square is 31,680,000 ft.
The circumference of Stonehenge’s Sarsen Circle is 316.8 feet. #34

Here we can see how that if the Earth and Moon are drawn to the same scale, they also overlay the precise measures not only of New Jerusalem, but also the exact proportions of the Great Pyramid [triangle in Fig. G.] built on the dimensions of the Earth and Moon. The idea that these signs; Stonehenge, the New Jerusalem, the Great Pyramid, the Earth, Sun and Moon, are all are based on the same numbers of Sacred Geometry, shows the work of the master Architect behind Creation. For example, the triangle [Great Pyramid] is constructed on the diameters of the Earth and Moon. The Inner Circle of this diagram embodying the Earth, also corresponds by both number and proportion to the Bluestone Circle of Stonehenge, seen in Fig. B above, and the New Jerusalem. Also, the Square drawn tangent to the circle of the Earth is commensurate by both number and proportion to the Sarsen Circle at Stonehenge, the outer circle in Fig. G above. #35

Figure H. The Stonehenge angle between the Summer Solstice Sunrise and North-equal to Pyramid angle of exactly 51 degrees, 51 minutes, and 14.3 seconds. #36

As Pi, is inherent in the Great Pyramid’s structure, so it is also in Stonehenge. The circumference of the Lintels equals 31.4159Reeds”, or 10 x 3.14159. With the infinite nature of Pi, it embodies the Almighty Creator. “Almighty” has a Gematria value of 314. In addition, the area inside the outer face of the lintels is .00314159, of a square mile. The angle, 51’51”, or 51.85 degrees, is present in Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, the angle provides the “Pi” answer of base/height ratio that is depicted in the Great Pyramid. Also, if the height of the pyramid is taken as the radius of a circle, then the circumference of this circle is the same as the perimeter of the base. This provides the complimentary squaring of a circle and cubing of the sphere, found in the Great Pyramid in Fig. G, above. However, as the Pi and Phi ratios are irrational numbers, they don’t embody finite concepts in a static way, as they calculate in ever-growing accuracy to infinity. This is one reason why the trinity dogma violates the Laws of Physics, since it’s impossible for something to be both finite and infinite at the same time and in the same relation, as the God-man theology promotes. This also adds a pantheistic element to the Trinity, as the Creator becomes part of His Creation, a dogma that provokes God’s wrath, which the Apostle Paul warns us of in Romans 1:18-25.

Gerald S. Hawkins notes that: “The inner diameter of the Sarsen Circle is 97.325 ft, and through the centers of the stones, 100.825 feet. So circumferences of 305.75622 and 316.75182 feet respectively, and areas of 29,757.724 and 31,936.502 square feet respectively. The diameter of the Aubrey circle is 288 feet. That’s a circumference of 904.78 feet and an area of 260,576.87 sq. feetThe website referenced below cites this about the Sarsen circle and the Aubrey circle.”#37 

The key to this relationship is knowledge of the value of Pi, and designing the angle of the Pyramid to be exactly 51 degrees, 51 mins, and 14.3 seconds, as seen in Fig. H above.

Plate 3. Sacred Geometry of Earth’s Diameter and the New Jerusalem. [The Four Earthly Elements – (joedubs.com)] #37a

earth furlong sgi 2

The position of the North Pole has moved via the Precession of the Poles over time, but the Pyramid was exactly aligned to the pole star Thuban at the time of its building. These and other astronomical alignments unveil a system of revelatory Biblical Archaeo-Astronomy, as seen in Scripture [Gen. 1:14-17], encompassing the various calendars and celestial cycles of the Sun, Moon and Stars. In Plate 4 below we find the dimensions of the Sun-Moon-Earth plan embodied in the Great Pyramid, all unified in a Base 60 number standard. On top of this diagram, we see the diameter of the Moon equal to 2160 miles [6 x 6 x 60]. Since the light of the moon is the reflected light of the sun, both are seen in the Plate 4 graphic below in the 2160 mi. lunar diameter, with the square drawn tangent to the circle, has for a perimeter the solar number 8640: [2160 x 4]. #38 This top-stone is not only the “stone which the builder’s rejected” with a value of 2160, #39 but the cornerstone also, equal to 864, set in the midst of these two great lights. The Celestial Jerusalem too holds the number value of 864, foretelling the time when “He shall reign,” also with a value of 864, via “the word of the Lord from Jerusalem;” 864.#40 The Moon is flanked by two 3-4-5 [in green] triangles with the capstone of the Pyramid contained in the Moon. Below that, we see a diameter of the Earth equal to 7920 miles, [12 x 660], also seen in Fig. G; [79.2] above. So, we find a standard of other related measures like 7920 inches in a furlong, of [660 feet] reflecting 7920 feet in a league, that not only measure of the diameter of the Bluestone circle, but also the 12,ooo furlongs that measures the side of New Jerusalem. #41 This earth commensurate standard, seen in the sides of New Jerusalem [Rev. 21:16] makes a cube of 12,000 furlongs, per side or 12000 x 660 ft, equaling 7,920,000 ft., as seen in Fig. G. The diagram of Plate 4 below gives the diameter of the earth as 7920 miles, seen on the left of Fig. G, above as [79.2]. The 1st Adam was given dominion over the earth, by God-“Jehovah the maker of the heavens;” having a value of 792; [Ps. 121:2], His God-given authority seen in; “You made him to rule,” also has a value of 792.#42 Once man fell, God supplied a ruling redeemer offering salvation, also with a 792 value [Ps. 116:13], allowing humanity on Earth to once again take part in the “Kingdom of God,” equaling 792 in [Matt. 21:31]. #43

Plate 4. The Great Pyramid and the Squared Circle. #44

The combined Earth radius of 3960 miles with the Moon’s radius of 1080 miles are too shown in Plate 4 graphic above, totaling 5040 miles. The height of this earth commensurate Pyramid is also 5040 miles. The diameter of the Moon is 2160 miles, seen on the upper left side of the Plate 4 graphic. Again, in the topstone of the Great Pyramid, Jesus is called the stone which the builders rejected,” in [Matt. 21:42] with a value of 2160. #45 The apex of the glorious capstone of the Great Pyramid fits exactly in the center of the sun-moon figure of this Plate 4 diagram. It represents Jesus in [John 1:9] in his position of divine rulership as the head of his spiritual body, the church; “the true light that lights every man that comes into the world.” The radius of the Moon is 1080 miles as the entire capstone rests wholly inside this radius. This truth is also found in Hab. 2:20But the Lord is in His holy temple. Let all the earth keep silence before Him,” also with the gematria number 1080.#46 We uncover the intention of the Master Architect established in Ps. 8:3; “When I consider the work of thy fingers, with a value of 1008, the moon and stars which thou hast ordained… #47 in reference to all the handiworks of the Almighty.

As Michell concluded, “using the actual proportions and dimensions of the solar system [based on pi and phi] the canonical figure of the 12 sided New Jerusalem is produced.” #48 Here God employed the dimensions of our earth and Moon contained as part of the geometric phi symphony of our solar system preserved in the Great Pyramid, and embodied in the measures of the New Jerusalem and Stonehenge relating to the divine canon of Scripture. As Gaunt agrees; The Pyramid built on the diameters of the Earth and Moon, bears the precise proportions of the Great Pyramid. #49

The evidence above reveals the sacred geometry of the world’s two greatest megalithic monuments, both as witnesses for Christ. They are Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, the only two ancient megalithic structures on Earth featuring both; perfect squared-circle geometry – THE archetype of the atonement of Christ in their reconciliation of the square (representing earth, man, and the temporal), to the perfection of the circle (representing heaven, God, and the spiritual). Squaring the circle or cubing the sphere is constructing a square equal in area to a given circleThese sacred geometry concepts are found in ancient to modern buildings across the globe, embodying Christ-centered geometry concepts in Art and architecture, with standing stone circles, churches, Pyramids, Gothic Cathedrals, and temples. How both these structures interface with the harmonics of light (the sun, moon, and stars), and on specific calendar dates (winter solstice and the fall equinox), points to the conception of Christ at the winter solstice, and His birth 9 months later on Rosh Hashanah, the day of the coming of King on the Hebrew Calendar. #50

These symmetric principles designed by God, into various living and non-living systems from the very beginning, do not appear as a result of any exclusive evolutionary process in Nature. Very simply, if this Symmetry is present at the outset, not in an isolated sense, but in all kingdoms of life regardless of scale, then Intelligent Design is not only implied but, it becomes a given. Since we find many manifestations of the phi ratio
operating at the basis of the mathematical reality underlying all Creation even at the quantum levels, we don’t discover or formulate it, we only observe it in its beauty and awesome detail. These Symmetry principles in Creation don’t occur randomly, but are witnessed systematically and on multiple inter-related levels and dimensions throughout all Creation. This is undeniable evidence of the Intelligent Design of the Creator.

Graphic 2A. Great Pyramid Passage alignments on 9-20-21-2017. 51

A. Celestial Sphinx Christ angle Alignments.           B. Great Pyramid Regulus-Venus and Apex-Al Nitak alignments

The Great Pyramid embodies the Christ-centered squared-circle geometry as found in the Pyramid’s top-stone. In Scripture, the words; “sun,” “headstone,” and “cornerstone” all share the same Hebrew gematria value of 53. In Greek the word “Son” also shares this number value, of 530, tells us the Pyramid’s top-stone, embodied in the Lord Jesus Christ, is “the Saviour” [432] and “foundation” [432] of “all things
[432] as a “great sign” [432] symbolizing the light of the Sun [Ps. 19:4], whose radius is [432,000 mi], which is half the Sun’s diameter; [864,000 mi.] matching “cornerstone” [864], “the word of the Lord from Jerusalem” [864] in [Mic. 4:2].#52  In Graphic 2a above we find the ascending and descending passages of the Great Pyramids two primary interior passageways. They appear linked to the Doctrine of the Two Ways, one going up to the King’s Chamber, and one down to the pit. It also features the missing 5th, central capstone, symbolizing Christ as the Chief Cornerstone, he is the headstone at the apex unifying the cornerstones of the base, “the stone that the builder’s rejected,” (Ps. 118: 21-23). These Christ-centered features, revealed in its sacred geometry, many featuring the spatial measures of many of its various dimensions of the earth below, reflecting astronomical features of time in the heavens above. Jesus’ authority rules over all dimensions of space-time. One example is the perimeter of the base of the Great Pyramid (space) at 25,960 inches. This measure of space below on Earth is the same as the temporally-based number above in the precession of the equinoxes, also called the Great Year. It is 25,960 years -the time it takes all 12 signs of the zodiac to make one complete revolution around the earth. This number matches the perimeter of the structure at the 50th course of its masonry – the height of the King’s Chamber. A third witness of this number is found in the sum of the length of two diagonal lines at the Pyramid’s base. All these witnesses are revealed in the sacred number or geometry of the edifice. #53 [Researcher Daniel Matson uncovered many of these witnesses. See his great research at: [http://watchfortheday.org/signsoftheend/giza2024.html] See also Lost Wisdom: Archetypes of the Atonement, Ascension and At-one-ment, [www.digitalegend.com].

As we mentioned above, concerning the diagonal of the rectangle formed by Station stones 91-93, and how the azimuth of the Aubrey Stone Circle at Stonehenge points straight to the Great Pyramid on the GizaPlateau, qualifying as a highly notable sign that aligns these two unique ancient megalithic monuments. What follows expands on this aspect of the blog, relating to the Great Pyramid as Boundary Stone
of Israel.

Graphic 3. Global and astronomical alignment of Stonehenge, the Great Pyramid, Bethlehem, Jerusalem and the Crucifixion Moonrise.#54

In Graphic. 3 from Stonehenge on the day of the Crucifixion, the Moonrise azimuth and the great circle route to Jerusalem, the site of the Crucifixion forms the Christ Angle, which is the Angle of the Great Pyramid’s sloping Ascending and Descending passages. The diagonal of Stonehenge’s Station Stone Rectangle is on the azimuth of a great circle passing through the Great Pyramid, so the 9123.84 inperimeter Station Stone Rectangle is linked to the Great Pyramids 9123.84 in. x 9123.84 in. full design base by a 9123.84 megalithic mile circumference great circle of the earth. A rhumb line from the Pyramid to Bethlehem forms the Christ Angle with the latitude of the Great Pyramid (the world’s longest land parallel) and the distance on a great circle route equals one Pyramid furlong for every year counting from the Pyramid’s datum year to the birth of Jesus. This leaves a 31680 ft. bridge joining Bethlehem to Jerusalem to complete a circuit with Stonehenge, the bridge being the life of the Lord Jesus Christ from his birthplace to the Crucifixion (31680 ft.) on the feast day of Passover, as the rituals of Passover prophesied of his Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension. The extra line at the top of Graphic 3 of the circuit points to the Passover moonrise on the day of Crucifixion. Stonehenge’s Outer Bank has a 380.16 ft. diameter symbolizing the Moon’s 3801600 yard diameter and the 31680 feet from Bethlehem to Jerusalem= 380160 in. also symbolizes the Passover Moon diameter, and 380160 yards is the diameter of the 1/10th scale model great circle of the Moon around the Great Pyramid. #55

The equator is designatedand is a factor in calculating all latitudes, lines drawn from the earth’s center to Bethlehem and the equator create the angle 31.68° thus, latitude 31.68° north crosses Bethlehem, latitude 31.68° north’s relationship with the equator is more profound than other latitudes, from the equator to Bethlehem’s latitude 31.68° represents 35.2% of the arc of the northern quadrant of longitude 35.2° east. Bethlehem’s latitude 31.68° north would be written in atlases as 31° 40’ 48” meaning 31 degrees 40 min. and 48 seconds (of latitude), when we write latitude 31.68°, its just another way of expressing the latitude using only degrees and the decimal system.  The three most profoundly design orientated spots on the earth’s surface are (1) Bethlehem, (2) the site of the Great Pyramid at the center of the 1/10 scale model great circle of the Moon, and (3) the 3168 Cross inside the 1/10 scale model great circle of the Earth.#56

“The circumferences of the earth and its moon equal the perimeter of a square placed tangent around the earth. This is a simple but profound design, a description made without using any units of measure. If we change the square’s perimeter into a circle its circumference will perfectly contain great circles of the earth and its moon placed side by side, as seen in the upper part of Graphic 4 below. This is another description without using units of measure. The sun and moon have the same apparent size which is especially obvious and emphasized when there is a total solar eclipse, another description of design harmony without the use of units of measure. When appropriate measuring units are introduced to the designs above, layers of design harmony are revealed. Unlike the metric system which is not attuned to the cosmos, other measuring systems harmonized with the cosmos and the four kingdoms of life thereinnot only attuned to humanity and the cosmos but also in numeric and mathematical harmony with the numbers of music found on the musical scale.” #57

Graphic 4. Circumferences of the Earth and the Moon related to a Solar Eclipse.#58

“In Genesis 1:14, the sun and the moon, are for “signs,” and the most spectacular sign concerning these celestial bodies is a solar eclipse. Why are they the same apparent or angular size? The moon’s orbit is elliptical so the distance from the earth to the moon varies, at its closest approach to the earth its apparent angular diameter is 33.5167 arcminutes, and at its maximum distance from the earth its apparent angular diameter is 29.367 arcminutes, so about once a week its apparent size is 31.68 arcminutes, in the earth’s elliptical orbit of the sun four times a year the apparent size of the sun is also 31.68 arcminutes. Sometimes the sun and moon’s angular diameters are 31.68 arcminutes at the same time. During a solar eclipse the 31.68 arcminute Solar diameter is eclipsed by the 31.68 arcminute lunar diameter, and if a square was placed tangent around the moon its 3168 megalithic mile perimeter would also perfectly surround the 316800 megalithic mile Solar diameter with a radius of 316800 Roman leagues.” #59

Graphic 5. Earthly and lunar orbits around the Sun. #60  

The KJV of 2 Pet. 1:16 “For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of his majesty. The Greek word for “majesty” is number 3168 in Strongs Greek dictionary and  Concordance, and the Lord Jesus Christ above has a gematria of 3168, it is significant that this use of the number 3168 is found in the same verse especially because the Greek word listed number 3168 is used only three times in the Bible, Strong’s definition of word number 3168 is; “Superbness, glory or splendour: mighty power, magnificence, majesty.”#61

A 31680 mile perimeter square fits tangent around the 31680 furlong earth radius, and using a 22/7 version of pi to calculate the circumference of the earth and its moon produces a combined total of 31680 miles. A study of the Bible’s Greek text and the Greek alphabet has revealed that the number 3168 is used as a numeric signature of the Creator marking his work. Thus, when we see that a 31680 mile perimeter square fits tangent around the 31680 furlong earth radius, it is not only the design of the earth that is verified, but also the mile, the furlong and the Greek language that are also verified. The earth existed before man thus, the details above reveal that the mile, the furlong and the Greek language are factors of the Creator’s Godly Design in place before man’s creation. The units of measure used in this investigation have the same verifiable Source, they were ordained by the Creator. #62

To begin putting this all together, our focus must shift to the New Jerusalem which embodies all the promises of Old Jerusalem, as seen during the reigns of Kings David and Solomon going back to ancient Israel circa 1000 BC. The royal reigns of David and Solomon who each reigned 40 years in the Christ line, represent the closest mankind has come to the coming reign of the King of Kings Jesus Christ, in earth’s history, since Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. As Adam and Eve embodied the sacred canon of the truths in God’s Word, preserved in the laws, symbols and customs before the Old Teastament, they anticipated the Architecture of the Temple of Jerusalem under David and Solomon, as the center of spiritual life in Israel. Only Jesus Christ inhabits and fulfills the apex of the Priest-King, not only of Israel, but the entire world as the universal savior and perfect sacrifice for all mankind. Thus, Christ not only embodies the fullness of what the Temple stood for, but after its destruction, he prophesied, and fulfilled its living reality, to unify the Jews and Gentiles under the headship of his rule, in the graceful salvation of his New Covenant. This is the reality of the King of Kings-as the singular yet universal spiritual Head of the body of Christ, he alone embodies the top-stone and chief cornerstone– the head of His Church.

Even as Zechariah saw the man with a measuring line in his hand to measure the length and breadth of Jerusalem; [Zech. 2:1-2], so we have seen some key correlations above, of the measures and patterns of New Jerusalem, Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, confirmed in the gematria values of Scripture, and the media of Sacred Geometry. We find this in the key to the City of God related by John the revelator, which is modeled on squared-circle sacred geometry, as the New Jerusalem is identified as a cube containing a sphere, with a model of the earth on the scale of 1 foot:1 mile, for the diameter of the sphere is 7920 ft, with the earth’s mean diameter being 7920 miles. As Michell states; “The macrocosmic city of 12,000 furlongs square and the microcosmic citadel wall of 144 cubits differ in scale, but belong to one geometric figure.”#63 John the Apostle writes in reference to the 12 apostles; [Rev. 21:14-17] “Now the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the [j]names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb15 And he who talked with me had a gold reed to measure the city, its gates, and its wall16 The city is laid out as a square; its length is as great as its breadth. And he measured the city with the reed: twelve thousand [k]furlongs. Its length, breadth, and height are equal17 Then he measured its wall: one hundred and forty-four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel.”

With the twelve Apostles identified with the 12 foundations of the walls of the city, the wall has a diameter of 7920 ft. and 14,400 cubits in circumference, with the 12 foundations geometrically inscribed in the double hexagon of its 12 corners, as seen above in Plate 3 graphic of New Jerusalem, enclosed within the model of New Jerusalem in Graphic 6a below. #64 

The 110th Psalm provides a picture of Christ’s dominion on the earth, after he successfully brought redemption to mankind resulting from his first advent. It describes his rule over his remaining enemies on Earth, which will be headquartered at Jerusalem. Verse 2 tells us he is seated at God’s right hand, indicating the complete success of his rule and authority over the world, as the Priest-king after the order of Melchizedek, not the Aaronic order. As Jon Nessle recently taught in his OT History Class; “The order of Melchizedek is referenced in three places in the NT book of Hebrews; 1x in Chapt. 5, [v. 5-10] and twice more in Chapt. 7. A major difference between these priesthoods is that Christ needs no sacrificial offering for his sin, Heb. 7:27-28] because as the perfect sacrifice for mankind, he is sinless.” Once Christ will have destroyed the last of his enemies with his army of saints, [I Cor. 15:25-26, Rev. 19] then he will hand over his kingdom to God the Father, [ICor. 15:24-26] Who is the exception of the authority of Christ’s rule, to Whom Christ himself is subject. [ICor. 15:27-29]. #65

The Holy Mt. Zion of the Lord in Jerusalem also has the value of 1440, where the Lamb stands with the 144,000 redeemed of the earth; [12,000 x 12,000 tribes, 12 apostles and foundations of New Jerusalem, 12 signs of the Mazzaroth, 12 Pearly Gatesetc.] Within the cube of the New Jerusalem is a sphere with a circumference of 144 cubits, and a diameter of 79.20 ft, symbolizing the earth on a scale of 1 foot to 100 miles, since 7920 miles is the earth’s mean diameterAs we have seen in the myriad dimensions and measures of New Jerusalem above, as they are represented in Stonehenge and in the Great Pyramid, as a historical foretaste of the holy city John saw descending out of heaven in Rev. 21:1-2; the tabernacle of God is with men to dwell with them as His people. As God is in Christ, and Christ lives in his Church, [Col. 1:27] so God is with His people as their God. The diameter of the New Jerusalem measures 7,920,000 feet. This corresponds to the diameter of the Bluestone circle of 79.2 feet, the diameter of the earth, at 7,920 miles, and the perimeter of a square 12k gallon Bath drawn on the Molten Sea at 792 in. seen in lower left corner of Graphic 6a below. While a side of the square of New Jerusalem is 12,000 furlongs or 7920 feet, the side of this square contains 1440 acres. #66

Graphic 6a. New Jerusalem, Stonehenge, the Great Pyramid     6b.The Molten Sea of the OT Jerusalem Temple. #67
A.                                                                                           B.

Stonehenge 27

The New Jerusalem represents the true Jerusalem, NOT the one in bondage, but the heavenly Jerusalem, [Gal. 4:25-26, 29-31, Heb. 12:22, James 1:17]. As the Square of New Jerusalem also embodies the Holy Mt. Zion, it includes the Lord Jesus Christ who said in Matt. 16:18; And I also say to you that you are Peter, [G4074-petros] and on this rock [G4073-petra]68I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. Peter-petros was a small chunk of rock, but Jesus is the massive mountain, the Rock-petra, in reference to himself, the foundation upon which he builds his ChurchJesus surpasses the OT Temple, as he fulfilled all the OT sacrifices linked to the former Covenant, which will be back in effect during the 6th spiritual administration of the Millennial Kingdom, when Christ rules over the earth, with a rod of iron. Here we can see the difference between the three groups of people signified in God’s Word; Jews, Gentiles and the Church of God, with the Jews related to the OT, and the Gentiles and Messianic Jews related to the NT Church of Grace, the spiritual body of Christ.

Revelation 22:13I am Alpha and Omega the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

  • In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Genesis 1:1. Those words are the beginning or alpha of the Bible.
  • In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God. John 1:1 (the beginning of John’s Gospel).
  • Rev. 22:21The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. (The Bible’s omega verse signed Lord Jesus Christ = 3168).

It is also very appropriate and significant that the Omega verse of the Bible is Revelation 22:21 shown above which signs off using the words; Lord Jesus Christ which has a gematria of 3168.

The subject of the 53rd chapter of Isaiah is the Lord Jesus Christ, the chapter prophesies centuries beforehand of some important details of Jesus’ life, the Crucifixion and his burial, seeing into the future concerning important supernatural details of the Bible. The following verse has a gematria of 3168 and it is prophesying about his CrucifixionIsaiah 53:11. He shall see the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied; by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. It is significant that this Old Testament verse written in Hebrew has a gematria of 3168 which is a reference to the gematria of the Lord Jesus Christ written in Greek. This demonstrates that according to God’s Perfect foreknowledge, He knew many centuries before it happened that the New Testament was to be written in Greek, that the main subject would be the Lord Jesus Christ and the gematria of his name would be 3168. Elsewhere in Isa. 53 it explains why Jesus came with details of his life and death, the 3168 verse above tells us that the Crucifixion justified many, elsewhere in the chapter it refers to the Lamb of God brought before Pilate. Isaiah 53:7He was oppressed and afflicted yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth. See also Matt. 27:13- 14; now history. Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how many things they witness against thee? 14 And he answered him to never a word; insomuch that the governor marveled greatly...

In Isaiah 42:5 there is another 3168 verse, we leave out the introduction (Thus saithGod the Lord, He that created the heavens and stretched them out; spreading out the earth and its offspring, giving breath to the people on it and spirit to those walking in it. Gematria 3168. The two 3168 verses of Isaiah describe the most important pre-historic event concerning man, when man’s home was created and we were given life. The other verse is the most important historic event concerning man, for without this event the first event would have been in vain. Both 3168 gematria verses equal a gematria of 6336, man’s earthly home has a 31680 furlong radius and a 63360 furlong diameter.69

‘The 3168 verses were revealed by Bonnie Gaunt in her book, NILE, The Promise Written in Sand, and I should mention that reading some of Bonnie Gaunt’s books led to my own project, her books supplied the tools for my investigation.” #70

I appreciate this author’s [James Heyworth] summary and can add my own, as Bonnie Gaunt’s books have obviously been a key influence, not only on this blog-study, but also in understanding principles of Sacred Geometry and its relation to Scripture. I have also not included numerous references from Mrs. Gaunt and Mr. Heyworth which they each have provided in great detail in their works on this subject. I refer the reader to Mrs. Gaunt’s many books and Mr. Heyworth’s website, for reference; [Thegreatdesign.com/archive/chapter1.]

God Bless,

Rene’

 

Footnotes

1. Earth & Sun Association y.gofod@gmail.com, September 2016, Robin James Spivey.
2. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 33 Bonnie Gaunt
3. Ibid, p. 33
4. Ibid, p. 32
5. Figure A. picture credit; pinterest.com
6. Figure B. picture credit; Creatureandcreator.ca
7. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, ppg. 32-33, Bonnie Gaunt
7a. Ibid, p.25
8. Ibid, [ppg. 22-23, 114]
8a. Image The Mystery of Stonehenge… Revealed | Truth Seekers Ministries
9. Martin Doutré’s plan of Phi circles at Stonehenge. [Bush Barrow Lozenge Part 2 (celticnz.co.nz)]
10. Ibid
11. Ibid, [https://www.celticnz.co.nz]
12. Stonehenge Decoded, G. Hawkins (1965)
13. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 34, Bonnie Gaunt
14. Figure C. picture credit, The Stonehenge Complex with alignments. [pinterest.com]
15. 7 heavenly witnesses at the Great Pyramid on Rosh Hashanah, p. 4 [www.digitalegend.com]
16. Figure D. Picture Credit. [http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/458/]
17. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 37, Bonnie Gaunt
18. Figure E. Picture Credit. The Mystery of Stonehenge › Buensalido+Architects
19. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 38, Bonnie Gaunt
20. Strong’s Concordance [G4592], James Strong
21. Plate 2 Picture credit; Stonehenge – 6. Royal Mile, foot and planets – 7. Stonehenge and the quarry – (hist-chron.com)
22. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 53, Bonnie Gaunt
23. Ibid, p. 53
24. Ibid. p. 52
25. Figure F. Picture credit. [The Mystery of Stonehenge… Revealed | Truth Seekers Ministries]
26. Figures of Speech used in the Bible; Merismos-p. E.W. Bullinger
27. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 37, Bonnie Gaunt
27a. Image 27a. The Mystery of Stonehenge… Revealed | Truth Seekers Ministries
28. Ibid, p.
29. Stonehenge [https://blog.stonehenge-stone-circle.co.uk/2010/07/15/astro-archaeology-at-stonehenge/]
30. Figures of Speech used in the Bible, E.W. Bullinger
31. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p.81, Bonnie Gaunt
32. Ibid.
33. Figure G. picture credit. [The Four Earthly Elements – (joedubs.com)]
34. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 79, Bonnie Gaunt
35. Ibid, p. 81
36. Ibid, p. 43
37. Stonehenge Decoded, G. Hawkins (1965) [https://www.megalithic.co.uk/downloads/H_Sivertsen_Stonehenge_Metrology.pdf]
37a. Plate 3 Picture credit [https://www.megalhttps://joedubs.com/four-earthly-elements/]
38. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 81, Bonnie Gaunt.
39. Ibid, ppg. 49, 82. Bonnie Gaunt.
40. Ibid, p. 52,
41. Ibid, p. 81
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Picture credit Plate 4-City of Revelation, John Michell [ppg. 31-32]
45. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 82, Bonnie Gaunt.
46. Ibid, p. 82.
47. Ibid, p. 79.
48. City of Revelation, John Michell [pg. 31].
49. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 81, Bonnie Gaunt.
50. 7 heavenly witness at the Great Pyramid on Rosh Hashanah [www.digitalegend.com]
51. Ibid.
52. Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid, p. 96-101, Bonnie Gaunt.
53. 7 heavenly witness at the Great Pyramid on Rosh Hashanah [www.digitalegend.com]
54. Graphic 3 picture credit; [Thegreatdesign.com/archive/chapter1] James Heyworth
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Graphic 4 picture credit; Ibid.
59. [Thegreatdesign.com/archive/chapter1]
60. Graphic 5 picture credit; Ibid.
61. [Thegreatdesign.com/archive/chapter1].
62. Ibid.
63. “City of Revelation,” p.25 John Michell
64. Ibid, p. 33.
65. OT History Class by Jon Nessle, 5/16/23
66.  “City of Revelation,” p. 81 John Michell
67. Picture credit-Graphic 6aThe Mystery of Stonehenge… Revealed | Truth Seekers Ministries. 6b. [pinterest.com]
68. Strong’s Concordance; [G4074-petros, vs G4073-petra], James Strong.
69. [Thegreatdesign.com/archive/chapter1]
70. Ibid.

 

 

Leave your Comment

Happy Pi Day Everyone! 

As we have done in previous years on March 14th, I like to post studies in recognition of the significance of the Pi ratio in the Bible. This year I was blessed to find this fascinating study which was published as an excerpt of part of larger works on this topic, concerning the how the 150 Psalms of the Bible are structured on a numerical basis around the Pi Ratio. This is timely, not only in light of Jon Nessle’s current OT History Class, but also Ren Manetti’s teaching two weeks ago on the Psalms being structured according to the events in the life of King David. We will also find structure here coinciding with Rev. Nessle’s teachings on “Repetitions in the Bible,” specifically regarding Psalm 26: “The Integrity Psalm.” Although some aspects  of what the author shares here may require further research, he presents a noteworthy mathematical framework, for the structure of the Psalms based on Pi. I have also included links to some of my studies, along with my own comments in brackets that may bless the reader, related to the author’s content on the circumference of a circle as a representation of the Name of Jehovah, and the diameter as a representation of God which in Hebrew is El or ElohimThat said, here is an excerpt of the book entitled; “The Divine Signature of Pi in the Bible.”

“Today is pi day (March 14) and to celebrate this day, I decided to share a chapter from the book The Secret Code of the Psalms explaining my discovery of precise ratios of pi in the numerical Hebrew structure of the Psalms in the BibleThis was an accidental discovery as a result of restoring the poetic structure of the Psalms which is hidden in all published versions of the Bible; my original intent was to properly display the poetry to the common reader in the three volume work, The Symbolism of the Psalms (published here in vol 1vol 2vol 3). Once the poetry was restored, it became obvious that the Hebrew Scriptures were arranged according to numerical counts of verses, words and even lettersLater these counts were used in the Masoretic texts to ensure its accuracy.

With that introduction, here is the text of one of the chapters to the book The Secret Code of the Psalms:, the entire works explains the mysterious arrangement and hidden numerical structure of all 150 Psalms:

The number pi (π) is an irrational number that represents the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle. It is also a transcendental number, which is a number that is not a root of a polynomial equation with integer coefficients. In the ancient Middle East, the Divine was often represented as the sun or a circle, thus it is likely that the mathematical concept of pi was considered to be a “Divine signature considered sacred and holy. In documenting and analyzing the numerical structure of the Psalms, it was discovered that the design of the Psalms contain several ratios of pi, many to a high degree of accuracy. As the Hebrews were not likely to have known about these accurate ratios for pi, they provide evidence of Divine inspiration in scripture. There is strong evidence that these ratios of pi are directly related to the holiness of the numbers three and seven, the number of letters of the Hebrew alphabet, and the sacred names of God in Hebrew Scripture. As pi is a transcendental number that is typically represented by infinite series of numbers, it is thus a fitting number to represent the infinite Divine.

In Babylonian mathematics the number pi was approximated as the number 3, which was good enough for the architecture of the time. This approximation is also found in the dimensions of the Temple of Solomon (1 Kings 7:23).

The Babylonians knew that the number 3 was an approximation – an Old Babylonian tablet from the 19th-17th century B.C. approximated pi more accurately as 25/8. The Egyptian Rhind Mathematical papyrus that dates to about the same time period approximated pi as 256/81 by approximating the circle with an octagon. In the 3rd century B.C. Archimedes approximated pi as somewhere between 223/71 and 22/7. In the second century B.C. Ptolemy approximated pi as 377/ 120, which is the first known approximation that is accurate to three decimal places. In the fifth century A.D. the Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi calculated pi to an accuracy of 7 decimal places, and gave two other approximations for pi: 22/7 and 355/113. The latter is the best rational approximation of pi using less than 5 digits in the numerator and denominator. This approximation was not improved upon until about a thousand years later by Indian and Persian mathematicians. This was improved upon in the succeeding centuries with increasing levels of accuracy, with many approximations of pi calculated from infinite series. With the advent of computers, pi is now calculated with accuracies to trillions of digits.

In modern times pi is represented in decimal form, but any decimal can be represented as a continued fraction of whole numbers. A continued fraction is an iterative process that represents a number as the sum of its integer part and the reciprocal of another number. The continued fraction expansion of a number indicates which rational numbers or fractions are the best approximations. These best approximations are known as convergents, where there is no better approximation with a smaller denominator of the convergent number. The number pi is 3.14159… The first best convergent of pi is the number 3. By taking the reciprocal of the remainder, the remainder can be best approximated as 1/7. Thus, the next best convergent ratio for pi is 3 plus 1/7 or 22/7. By taking the remainder and converting it to a fraction, adding it to the previous result, a continued fraction for pi can be created.

The continued fraction is developed by first starting from an accurate decimal representation of pi. In this series, the first few convergent ratios that best represent pi are 3, 22/7, 333/106, 355/113, 103993/33102, 104438/33215, and 208341/ 66317. Each succeeding convergent ratio is more accurate than the former, as the value converges to the value of pi at infinite. The convergent ratio of 355/113 for pi was derived by Zu Chongzhi in the 5th century A.D. using a different method.

DISK ICONOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST

There are figures of speech in the Psalms that are related to the iconography of the Divine in the Middle East, which is associated with a circle. Given this fact the ratio of pi was considered sacred. Several Psalms mention Jehovah as having wings: [condescension]

Keep me as the apple, the daughter of the eye, hide me under the shadow of Your wings (Ps. 17:8).

The Hebrew word for “apple” literally means the black pupil of the eye, thus it is a hidden reference to a circle. The phrase “shadow of Your wings” is next mentioned in Psalm 36:

Jehovah, how precious is Your mercy, God, and the sons of Man in the shadow of Your wings (Ps. 36:7).

From Ps. 17:8 to the end of Psalm 36, there are exactly 355 verses. This is followed by 113 verses in Psalms 37-41, where 355/113 is a convergent ratio for pi, indicating that there was knowledge of this ratio long before its rediscovery in the 5th century A.D. The numeric word count of Psalm 17 references Psalm 61, which contains a similar statement:

I will seek refuge under the cover of Your wings (Ps. 61:4).

Similar statements can be seen in Ps. 57:1 and 63:7. Wings are also associated with the sun (a circle) in Malachi:

But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings (Mal. 4:2).

The Hebrew word for “wing” is used to refer to a border as well as the four quarters of the earth (see Deut. 22:12, Isa. 11:12), thus two lines dividing a circle into four quarters would have been called “wings.” The image of a winged disk to represent God was common throughout the ancient Near East. Below is the winged sun of Thebes in Egypt:

 

 Winged Sun of Thebes

The winged disk was also adopted in the religion of Zoroastrianism in ancient Persia:

A Faravahar symbol in a Fire Temple (Illustration) - World History Encyclopedia


RING AND ROD ICONOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST

In the above diagram the Divine figure is holding a ring in his hand. In the iconography of the Middle East, a god, goddess or king, was often shown holding a ring and rod. This was an ancient symbol, first found on a cylinder seal in Mesopotamia. On a cylinder seal from the Uruk period (c. 3500-3000 B.C.), a female worshipper is shown bowing down before a rod and ring (from D.J. Wiseman and Werner Forman, Cylinder Seals of Western Asia, London: Batchworth Press, p. 4):

Bharatkalyan97: Rod and ring ANE symbols are Indus Script hypertexts kaḍum 'bracelet' rebus kaḍaio 'sthapati' ukkā 'firebrand' rebus ukkā 'furnace'

In later depictions, deities from the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2100 B.C.) as well as Old Babylon (ca. 1800 B.C.) and Assyria (ca. 700 B.C.) are shown with a ring and rod in their hand. In other cases, the deity is shown holding a solitary ring. Yet the meaning of these symbols has remained a mystery among scholars. The ring and rod have been associated with the circular shen symbol of Egypt which was often depicted with a staff (James Hall, Illustrated Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art, London: John Murray, 1994, pp. 79-80):

Top 50 Ancient Egyptian Symbols With Meanings (Deserve to Check!)

In hieroglyphs the Shen ring is depicted as a stylized loop of rope. A more clear association between the rod and ring can be seen in a depiction of the falcon god Horus which is similar to the winged disk, and also holds two Shen rings in its claws:

Profil Erleichtern Konsulat shen ring Wein Kofferraumbibliothek Halt

The shen symbol means to encircle, and signified eternal protection. It was often elongated to contain a royal name, that is known as a cartouche. It was also often associated with a staff. As for rod and ring symbols in Mesopotamia, it has been surmised that they have literal and metaphorical meanings related to measurement (Henri Frankfurt, Cylinder Seals, London: Macmillan, 1939, p. 179). This can be seen on the Stele of Ur-Nammu, who built the Ziggurat of Ur. On the stele a variety of building projects [and astronomical symbols] are shown, as well as a deity who holds a rope arranged in a circle with a rod:

 

Image result for palace of mari ring and rod | Ancient mesopotamia, Ancient, Sumerian

The rod is thus a unit of measurement that was used in building activities, whose measure was considered Divine. In the Sumerian tale-Descent of Inanna, Inanna descends into the netherworld but must strip herself of her regalia and clothing as she passes through each gate. Among the items she held was a “gold ring over her wrist, and a lapis measuring rod and line in her hand.” In another version of the story the gold ring is gripped in her hand, which resembles the iconography of the rod and ring. In Scripture an angel appeared to the prophet Ezekiel in like manner, to provide measurements for a future temple:

When he brought me there, behold, there was a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring reed in his hand. And he was standing in the gateway (Ez. 40:3).

The ring and rod could be representations of the circle and its diameter, as a measuring line was coiled in a rope that was a multiple of the length of the measuring rod. As the rod was likely a standard of measurement it was generally a measure of the cubit, which was typically determined by measuring the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. That the cubit was associated with the diameter of a circle can be seen in the Egyptian cubit, which was divided into seven equal portions known as “palms.” If the cubit was used as the diameter of a circle it would represent the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi when measured in palms, with the circumference measured as 3 cubits plus 1 palm. Three cubits would be considered as an approximate representation of the Eternal Divine. That this is the case can be seen in the representation of pi in the molten sea of the Temple of Solomon, which had a circumference of 30 cubits (as was the height of the Temple of Solomon, as well as Noah’s ark), an exact multiple of 3:

Then he made the sea of cast metal. It was round, ten cubits from brim to brim, and five cubits high, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference. Under its brim were gourds, for ten cubits, compassing the sea all around. The gourds were in two rows, cast with it when it was cast, (1 Kings 7:23-24).

This is the only direct reference to a measurement of pi in Scripture, which uses an approximate value of 3 for pi.

If a cubit represented the diameter of a circle, then 3 cubits would be seen as a perfect representation of the circumference. An exact measure of 3 cubits is specified for the altar of the Tabernacle of Moses: the altar of burnt offering was 5 cubits wide, 5 cubits long and 3 cubits high (see Ex. 27:1, 38:1). The altar is associated with a circle in the Psalms:

I will wash my hands in innocence, and I will compass Your altar, Jehovah, (Ps26:6)

The word for “compass” is the same as the word for circle in Hebrew. As the altar was 5 cubits square, the diagonal or diameter of such a circle would almost be exactly 7 cubits. Thus, the circumference of a circle circumscribing this altar would be 22 cubits, representing the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi. Related to this passage the numerical design of Psalms is based on the convergent ratio 355/113 for pi:

Psalm # Verses
4-26 339 = 3 x 113
4-27 355

Psalm 26 was chosen to represent the end of a multiple of 113 for a verse count, since 26 is 2 x 13. Also, it follows Psalm 25 which is 5 x 5, that is the dimension in cubits of the length and width of the altar. Psalm 27 begins with a reference to light:

Jehovah is my light and my salvation, whom shall I fear? (Ps. 27:1)

This is related to the altar mentioned in Psalm 26, since upon the altar there was a perpetual fire (Lev. 6:13). The altar is associated with the light of the Lord in Psalm 43:

Send out Your light and Your truth, let them lead me… and I will go to the altar of God (Ps. 43:3,4)

The number 27 was chosen to represent the circumference of a circle, since it is 3 x 3 x 3, where 3 is the simplest ratio for pi.


CONVERGENT RATIOS OF PI IN SCRIPTURE

The number 318 is 3 x 106, and as 106 is part of the convergent ratio 333/106 for pi this number was regarded as important in the story of Abraham:

And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he drew out his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan, (Gen. 14:14).

This particular passage is quoted in the Talmud in one of the examples where the Jewish Rabbis made use of Hebrew gematria, which assigned particular numeric values to each Hebrew letter. They noted that the gematria value of Eliezer, Abraham’s servant, is 318. From this they explained that Abraham did not call forth 318 servants, but rather just his servant Eliezer. However, the number 318 is significant as it is related to the convergent ratio for pi. Evidence of knowledge of this can be seen in Psalms 33-34, that have a total word count of 318, and these two Psalms are related to a series of 333 verses. Psalm 34 also contains a hidden reference to the priest of Melchizedek, who is mentioned in Gen. 14:18 after the victory of Abram and his 318 servants over the enemy.

A more accurate convergent ratio for pi is 355/113. The number 355 is implicitly mentioned in Scripture in the book of Exodus, in the description of building of the Tabernacle:

The silver from those of the congregation who were recorded, was a hundred talents and 1,775 shekels, by the shekel of the sanctuary: a beka a head (that is, half a shekel, by the shekel of the sanctuary), for everyone who was listed in the records, from twenty years old and upward, for 603,550 men. (Ex. 38:25-26)

The number 1775 is 5 x 355. One can readily see that 603,550 is 600,000 + 3,550, where 3,550 is 10 x 355. That this is by design can be seen in other passages, where the Israelite males are numbered elsewhere as 600,000 (see Ex. 12:37, Num. 11:21), and in other places as 603,550 (see Num. 1:46, 2:32). Elsewhere, the number of firstborn Levites are numbered as exactly 22,000 (Num. 3:46) which corresponds to the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi. In the Psalms, there are 1775 or 5 x 355 verses in Psalm 42-142. The number 142 is 2 x 71, similar to how 355 is 5 x 71. To show the relationship between Psalms 42 and 142, Psalms 42-141 contains 1764 verses which is 42 x 42. The number for the 603,550 men in Exodus and Numbers is represented in the Psalms in the following verse structure:

Psalm # Verses
66-95 600
96-112 355

Psalm 112 is followed by Psalm 113, which represents the Convergent ratio 355/113 for pi. As discussed previously in the chapter The Hidden Chronology of the Psalms these 600 verses also represent the 600 years of Noah, and Psalm 95 corresponds with both the flood of Noah and the Exodus out of Egypt.

That the 1,775 shekels for the extra 3,550 men, represent the circumference of a circle is shown by the fact that these 1,775 shekels of silver were used for the hooks of the pillars that were used to create the external boundary of the tabernacle. This relationship is confirmed by the amount of gold collected for constructing the tabernacle:

All the gold that was used for the work, in all the construction of the sanctuary, the gold from the offering, was twenty-nine talents and 730 shekels, by the shekel of the sanctuary. (Ex. 38:24)

The number 29 is 22 + 7 which are the two numbers for the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi. The number 730 is 2 x 365, where 365 is the number of days in the solar year. The number 355 is a close approximation for the number of 354.37 days for the lunar year. Thus, the gold represents the Sun and the silver represents the Moon, and the cycle of a year would correspond to the circumference of a circle. Also, for a circle with a circumference of 365 the diameter would be 116 which is 4 x 29, [29 is also a lunar cycle number] a multiple of the number of talents of gold. [This depicts how the solar and lunar cycles fit together in their annual courses].

THE CONVERGENT RATIO OF PI AND THE HEBREW ALPHABET

A more obvious connection is seen between the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet and the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi. The denominator is seven, and thus the number 7 is considered holy throughout Scripture, especially the Sabbath of the seven-day week. As the 22 letters are consonants, the number 7 may be a representation of Hebrew vowels. Vowels are not recorded in Scripture, and notations were added later in the Masoretic text to indicate how the Hebrew words should be vocalized. In Greek there are 7 specific vowels, and in later Greek and Gnostic traditions the seven vowels of the Greek alphabet were said to correspond with the seven heavens, to which was assigned one of the seven known planets. As the heavens were worshipped as idols in the ancient world, the Jews completely divorced themselves from such symbolic associations, but in place of the seven planets the law instituted the seven branched Menorah candlestick. This association is mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus in describing the table of shew-bread in the temple:

“Now, the seven lamps signified the seven planets… the twelve loaves that were upon the table signified the circle of the Zodiac and the year…” (Antiquities, v. 5; 5)

Here the number 7 is associated with a circle, [solar & lunar cycles] in this case the circle of the zodiac or the year. This provides indirect confirmation that the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet can be arranged in a circle to represent the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi. The seven candlesticks of the Menorah are also represented as seven pillars:

Wisdom has built her house [H1004bayith=ref. to God’s Temple], she has hewn out her seven pillars (Prov. 9:1)

The same word for “pillars” we find in Psalm 75:The earth and all who dwell in her are dissolved, I balance the pillars of it (Ps. 75:3). The “earth” as probably represented as a circle of the known world. Verse 3 demarcates the first and second stanzas of Psalm 75, which each contain exactly 22 words. Psalm 75 is the exact middle of the 150 Psalms, and 2 x 150 is 300, which is a multiple of 3, the simplest convergent ratio for pi.

In the work Sefer Yetzirah, an early work of Jewish esotericism perhaps dating to the first century A.D., the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet are arranged into a circle as follows:

No photo description available.

In the system of the Sefer Yetzirah, the 22 letters are divided into three mother letters (alephmem and shin), seven doubles” (“Seven PairsStructure of Ecclesiastes 3:2-8-bet, gimel, daleth, kaph, pe, resh, tau) and twelve elementals” (he, vav, zayin, cheth, teth, yod, lamed, nun, samekh, ayin, tsade, qoph). This division is probably a later invention, and is based on the three letters in the name of Jehovah, the seven planets, and the 12 signs of the zodiac. By the time it was written, knowledge of the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi was lost, but in place of it a different system was invented, attempting to associate the circle with the zodiac. Instead of recognizing the number 7 as representing the diameter, a separate category of 7 letters were created. Scriptural support for arranging the letters in a circle can be found in the book of Revelation, where the Lord declares Himself to be the Alpha and Omega, which are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, [and the zodiac signs]. In Hebrew the letters are aleph and tau, which are adjacent to each other on the circle:

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, says the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty (Rev. 1:8I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last. (Rev. 1:11)

In the Old Testament, it is Jehovah who declares Himself to be the first and the last:

I, Jehovah, the first, and with the last; I am He. (Isa. 41:4)

Thus says Jehovah, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, Jehovah of hosts: I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god. (Isa. 44:6)
Listen to me
, O Jacob, and Israel, whom I called! I am he; I am the first, and I am the last, (Isa. 48:12).


THE HEBREW LETTER CIRCLE AND THE NAMES OF GOD

In the diagram of the Hebrew letter circle as described in the Sefir Yetzirah, the 22 letters are on the edge of a circle, with 231 lines drawn between every possible letter combination. It is described as follows:

These twenty-two letters, the foundations, He arranged as on a sphere, with two hundred and thirty-one modes of entrance. If the sphere be rotated forward, good is implied, if in a retrograde manner evil is intended. For He indeed showed the mode of combination of the letters, each with each, Aleph with all, and all with Aleph. Thus, in combining all together in pairs are produced these two hundred and thirty-one gates of knowledge. And from Nothingness did He make something, and all forms of speech and every created thing, and from the empty void He made the solid earth, and from the non-existent He brought forth Life.”

Of the 231 lines between the letters, the one of most interest is the one between the first letter aleph (א) and the letter lamed (ל) which bisects the circle. These two letters form the wordGod” (HebEl). The name God” is thus represented by the diameter of a circle. The letter aleph (א) is derived from an Egyptian hieroglyph that depicts the head of an ox, and the name of the letter comes from a western Semitic word that means ox.” Thus, the molten sea of the Temple of Solomon was placed on top of 12 oxen:

It stood on twelve oxen, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east. The sea was set on them, and all their rear parts were inward, (1 Kings 7:25).

Each opposing pair of oxen bisect the circle. In the convergent ratio 333/106 for pi, the number 106 would represent the length of the diameter of a circle that would divide the sea of the Temple of Solomon into two halves. Psalm 106 ends the fourth book of the Psalms, and it mentions the parting of the Red Sea:

 He rebuked the Red sea and it was dried up, and He made them to walk through the depths as through the wilderness, (Ps. 106:9).

This is followed by the false worship of a calf:

They made a calf in Horeb, and bowed down to the molten image. And they changed their glory, into the pattern of an ox that eats herbs, (Ps. 106:19-20). [Rom. 1:20-25]

The sacred bull was worshipped throughout the ancient Middle East. In ancient Egypt the bull god was known as Apis, and before that the cow goddess Hathor was worshipped. Both of these gods were portrayed with the horns of a bull that supported a sun disk. As Psalm 106 mentions both the parting of the Red Sea along with the calf of Horeb, this indicates an ancient knowledge that the name God” (HebEl) was a symbolic depiction of a diameter of a circle. There are 999 or 3 x 333 verses in Psalms 54-106, which indicates that the number for Psalm 106 numerically represents the convergent ratio of 333/106 for pi.

The Hebrew name for God – El – is composed of aleph and lamed which bisects the Hebrew letter circle in half. In terms of ordinal values, the letter aleph has a value of 1 and lamed has a value of 12, for a total of 13. Also, the majestic plural form of God – Elohim – has a total ordinal value of 41 which is the 13th prime number. This was perhaps based on the convergent ratio 355/113 for pi, where 13 represents the number 113. The Hebrew word agol means “round” or “circular” (Heb. agol) begins with aleph and ends with lamed and is mentioned in the description of the measurements of the temple of Solomon (see 1 Kings 7:23,31,35, 10:19). A close word using similar letters is the word for “calf” (Heb. egel or eglah) which is significant as the word for God (Heb. El) represents the diameter or a circle. The letter aleph which is the first letter of these words originated from the head of a bull, thus there were 12 bulls surrounding the molten sea of the Temple of Solomon.

Just as the nameGod” or Hebrew El can be represented as the diameter of a Hebrew letter circle, so the name Jehovah can be represented by the circumference. The name Jehovah originates from a root word meaning “to be” (Hebhawah) which is composed of the letters he (ה) and vav (ו). The letter yod was originally a prefix for the 3rd person, thus the name Jehovah means “He is.” On the Hebrew letter circle, the letters he and vav are adjacent to each other, and if one proceeds from the letter he to the letter vav and then all the way round back to the letter he, one would have proceeded round the entire circumference of the circle. This is implied by the meaning of the letter vav, which in Hebrew conjoins words together with the meaning of “and.” Two letters of vav spells the word hook” in Hebrew and the hooks of the pillars of the Tabernacle were made from the 1,775 or 5 x 355 shekels of silver. Just as the name God” can be represented by the diameter of a circle, so the name Jehovah can be represented by the circumference of a circle. Moreover, the letter he is the fifth letter and the letter vav is the sixth letter and 5 + 6 =11 which is half of 22. If the letter vav is doubled, as in the Hebrew word for “hook,” then the Hebrew word “to be” would add up to 22. In Scripture the name of Jehovah and the title of God are often combined as “Jehovah God,” and this title could be thus represented by a circle with its diameter.

In the convergent ratio 355/113 for pi, the number 113 is 100 + 13. As stated earlier, in the Hebrew letter circle the letters aleph (א) and the letter lamed (ל) form the word God” (HebEl) which bisects the circle. These two letters have ordinal values of 1 and 12 which total 13. Similarly, the circumference of the circle which is 355 or 300 + 55. The circumference is represented by the name Jehovah. The name Jehovah has two letters he which have an ordinal value of 5, that were perhaps used to represent the number 55. The name Jehovah begins with the letter yod which has an ordinal value of 10 and the following letter is he that has a value of 5. The letter vav can be treated as the word “and” which is then followed by the final letter he. The name Jehovah can thus be rendered as “(10 x 5) and 5” which is 55. Thus, the name Jehovah God” can be symbolically represented by the ratio 355/113 for pi. In a similar manner, the verse structure of Psalm 1-71 were modeled after the numeric values of the letters in the name of Jehovah; Psalm 71 was chosen to end the series since 5 x 71 is 355 (see the chapter, The Verse Structure of the Psalms).


THE NAME OF JEHOVAH IN THE PSALMS

The relationship between the name of Jehovah and pi is indicated not only in the ordinal values of the letters in the name of Jehovah, but also in the number of instances the name of Jehovah appears in the Psalms. In the first 22 Psalms there is a direct relationship between the number of the Psalm and the number of instances of the name of Jehovah, as follows:

Psalm # Names of Jehovah
1-3 11 = 10 + 1
3 6 = 2 x 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8-10 16 = 2 x 8
9 9
10-11 10
11-13 13
13 3
14 4
15-16 6
17-18 18
19-22 22
TOTAL 112

 

In most cases the number of times that the name of Jehovah is mentioned matches the last digit of the Psalm number; in a few instances the number of times Jehovah is mentioned matches the Psalm number exactly. This pattern ends at Psalm 22, which matches the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. However, there is another pattern that indicates the names of Jehovah are arranged after the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi as follows:

Psalm # Names of Jehovah
1-3 11
4-7 22
7 7
8-9 11
10-14 22
13-14 7
15 (2)
16-18 22
19 7
19-22 22

 

Before Psalm 15, there are two series where the names of Jehovah follow the pattern of 11, 22 and 7. Psalm 7 and 14 are used in the group of 7 since their numbers are a multiple of 7. Following Psalm 15, there are two groups of 22 with a group of 7 in the middle. Psalm 15 demarcates two groups that have equal verse counts:

Psalm # Verses
1-14 159
15-22 159

The total number of verses is 318, which is 3 x 106, where 106 is part of the convergent ratio 333/106 for pi. Similar  to the name of Jehovah in Psalms 1-22, the title Most High” (Heb. Elyown) appears in the Psalms 22 times. Its first occurrence is in Ps. 7:17, and the last occurence is in Ps. 107:11, where the Psalm numbers correspond with the number 7 in the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi.

After the convergent ratio 22/7, the next best convergent ratio for pi is 333/106. The title Lord” (HebAdonai) is mentioned a total of 53 times in the Psalms, and 2 x 53 is 106. The name Jehovah is mentioned for a total of 678 times in the Psalms, and 678 is 6 x 113, indicating that it is arranged after the convergent ratio 355/113 for pi. Following the 112 names of Jehovah in Psalms 1-22, the names of Jehovah can be arranged in the following pattern:

Psalm # Names of Jehovah
23-34 113
35-127 355
128-149 98 = 2 x 49

This is the only instance in the Psalms where 113 names of Jehovah are directly followed by 355 names of Jehovah. The 355 names of Jehovah begin with Psalm 35, which is a digital permutation of 355. It ends with Psalm 127 which is the middle Psalm in the 15 Songs of Ascent in Psalms 120-134, [also called the “Songs of the Degrees”].

The number 7 is considered holy in Scripture as it is part of the convergent ratio 22/7 for pi. After the 355 verses there are 98 or 2 x 49 names of Jehovah, which correspond to Psalm 149 since 149 is 100 + 49. The name “Jehovih“, where the vowels for Elohim are used instead of the vowels for Adonai, is mentioned only 8 times and if combined with the nameJehovah” there would be a total of 686 which is 2 x 7 x 7 x 7.

THE SPIRITUAL MEANING OF THE CIRCLE AND THE DIVINE NAME

The circumference of a circle is a representation of the name of Jehovah, and the diameter is a representation of God which in Hebrew is El or Elohim. The Hebrew name for God – El –is composed of aleph and lamed which bisects the Hebrew letter circle in half. In terms of ordinal values, the letter aleph has a value of 1 and lamed has a value of 12, for a total of 13. 1 [Spirituality, Dreams and Prophecy: The Divine Signature of Pi in the Bible (dream-prophecy.blogspot.com)]

Summary

The evidence suggests that the ratios of pi were considered a Divine signature, a mathematical representation of the name of Jehovah. This is supported by the iconography of the rod and ring in the ancient Middle East, which were symbols always associated with the deity, representations of a circle and its diameter. These symbols are also associated with measurement, especially of the cubit. As this measurement was considered sacred, so the ratios of pi were used in a numerical design of the verses, words and sometimes even letters of the Psalms. The geometric representation of the name Jehovah- God as the circumference and diameter of a circle is confirmed by the insights of the Biblical usage as the truth of Scripture in revelation confirmed, by the analysis of the numeric values of Hebrew letters of the name of God relative to the circle. As shown here the numerical structure of the Psalms as illustrated above, is based on the convergent ratios of pi for this spiritual reason.”2

The presence and usage of the Pi ratio in the Bible certainly speaks loudly to us in light of what we have seen in this study, by Doug Webber. This is a fitting consideration for Pi Day and beyond, providing a basis for further study on this rich topic, that shows the mathematical exactness and scientific precision of the Almighty God, our Heavenly Father as witnessed in His Word.

God Bless!

Agape’

Rene’

 

Footnotes

1. Spirituality, Dreams and Prophecy: The Divine Signature of Pi in the Bible (dream-prophecy.blogspot.com)
2. IBID

Posted by Doug Webber at 12:06 PM  

Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest

Labels: NumerologyPiPsalms

Comments Off on The Divine Signature of Pi in the Bible

Our recent study of the Astronomical Miracle of Joshua’s Long Day, in the context of Jon Nessle’s OT History Class [Session 15] has opened some of the in-depth ramifications of the events related to this Bible record, as presented by Rev. Nessle, Ren Manetti and myself. This blog, picks up where my teaching on Chapter 3, Session 15b left off in OT History Class; The Eclipse and the Great Pyramid. We will start this initial blog of 2023 with a brief review of our Nov. 2022 blog on Joshua’s Long Day, focusing on how the key Hebrew words for the Sun and Moon standing still [dom and amad] are in this context held figuratively as synonymous. In this Jan. 2023 blog, we will see more on how this relates to the Great Pyramid, along with Jesus as the King’s Son. We will begin with some related comments and word studies below for further study, on Josh. 10 & Hab. 3 from our previous blog for context, to see where that leads us…

Habakkuk 3:11:
The sun and moon stood still in their habitationAt the light of Your arrows they went,
At the shining of Your glittering spear.

Sun and moonstand still’ on high (ʿāmad zəbūlâ) / as Your arrows fly in brightness, Your flashing spear in brilliance.” The connection between this poetic source in the book of Habakkuk and the story of the miracle in the book of Joshua is clear and has been accepted by many interpreters throughout the ages.21 However, the syntax of the first line of the verse and the meaning of the word zəbūlâ posed major problems for them.22 Zəbūl in this verse is usually interpreted as the name of a sanctuary, throne, or platform for a god.23 The noun zəbūl appears four times in the Bible in addition to this passage in Habakkuk.24 In Isa 63:15, it clearly refers to a place high in the heavens where God usually dwells and from which He looks down on the earth. This is similar to one of the meanings of the Ugaritic term zbl; sometimes interpreted as the throne of a divine being in the heavens.25 The construction bêth zəbūl appears in Solomon’s speech at the temple’s dedication in 1 Kings 8:13 and its parallel in 2 Chr 6:2, 26 In this speech, scholars distinguish two parts: the first part, consisting of the opening two verses, 12–13, in which the construct bêth zəbūl appears; and the second, longer part, comprising the remainder of the speech from verse 14 to verse 53. 1

The authors continue with comments related to King Solomon’s building the first Temple to the true God, with the “additional words in the Greek text that constitute the first colon of a parallelism, with “The LORD has said that he would dwell in thick darkness” (v. 12) constituting the second cola. This extra line in the LXXSeptuagint includes added information that can contribute meaningfully to our topic, since it includes a reference to the sun: “Then Solomon said [concerning the house when he finished building it: He (the LORD) revealed the sun in the sky;] 28 the Lord has chosen to abide in thick clouds.” This shows that bêth zəbūl in the next verse corresponds to the place in the sky where the sun dwells. 2

Plate 1. Total Solar Eclipse North of Canaan on July 14th, 1405. 3

The solar eclipse of 1405 BC with the blue band showing the zone of totality. 

In our previous Nov. 2022 blog we presented evidence for the Miracle of Joshua’s Long Day as a Total Solar eclipse, specifically the solar eclipse of July 14th, 1405 BC, visible over Canaan. We will expand on this idea in this study, especially the idea linked to the Hebrew words for the “Sun and Moonstand still’ on high (ʿāmad zəbūlâ) in Josh. 10:12 and Hab. 3:11. The comment above in  reference to “Zəbūl in this verse usually interpreted as the name of a sanctuary, throne, or platform for a god,” is an idea we will expand on, in light of Scripture and Hebrew culture. In Jewish life, the Tabernacle and Temple embodied the center of their spiritual and social life activities. This sanctuary and Holy place where the people interacted with Priests and Prophets, that ministered to the Almighty in the Holy of Holies, responding to the oracles of God’s Covenant with Israel, also included the King, and whether or not his administration followed the godly ordinances, doing good or evil in God’s sight, fits with Zəbūl above being interpreted as the name of a sanctuary, throne, or platform for a god. What is interesting is the link to the Sun and Moon here, since the state of light or darkness was dependent on how the king ruled to uphold God’s Covenant for Israel.

It is interesting that Christ as the King of kings embodies the light of God as the apex of the royal line, and consummation of the kings of Israel in the Davidic Dynasty as the Lion of Judah. As Mal. 4:2 statesBut unto you that fear My Name shall the Sun of Righteousness arise with healing in his wingsrefers to Jesus Christ, who embodied more of God’s names than any other. In this light, we will investigate the references to the king’s coronation process, and their implications below, as found in the records in Kings & Chronicles.

This is consistent with a comparison of this verse to Josh 10:13: zəbūl in Hab 3:11 seems to parallel the “midheaven” (ḥaṣî haššāmayim) in Joshua.30 The second part of the speech expresses a clear underlying view that the earthly temple is not intended to be the dwelling place of God, but only the place where His name dwells.31 As explained in detail in the speech, people will pray to God facing the earthly temple in Jerusalem, and God will hear their prayer from His dwelling in heaven.32 The concept of zəbūl as a divine place in the heavens is found in a non-biblical scroll from Qumran in which “the holy zəbūl (of God)” is the place of the angels33 and the location from which the two great luminaries come. 4

Echoes of the view that the sun has a home are found in the Bible; See Ps 19:5–7. The root bwʾ, “come,” refers to the disappearance of the sun over the western horizon, and the root yṣʾ, “go out,” refers to its appearance in the east (Gen 19:23; Judg 5:31; Isa 13:10). That is also the “location” of the sun in Eccl 1:5, as rising and setting points on the Horizon. It may even be that gebūrātô, “its might,” in “the sun precisely, the entry of the sun god into his heavenly palace, means that the sun has gone dark. [under the earth at night] This can also represent the collective temple of the Sun/Son of God moving on the ecliptic through the 12 Houses/Tribes/ Apostles of Israel as the head/apex and capstone of the Great Pyramid. [See Figs 1 & 3 below]

The word zebul/zebula is interpreted as the name of a sanctuary, throne, or platform for a god,
it is fitting Biblically that bêth zəbūl appears in Solomon’s speech at the Temple’s dedication in Jerusalem in 1 Kings 8:13, 27, 42. As a reflection and earthly representation of God’s true temple in Heaven, it embodies the physical and spiritual light of God, the Father of Lights for all Creation, the main two being the Sun and Moon. The interrelation between these primary two sources of light on earth is witnessed in the eclipse cycle, which is the subject of Joshua’s Long Day, also in Hab. 3:11. The Word study below includes the main related roots alongside dom, of amad H59755976amad,
5977omed, and H5982-ammud. We will start with Scriptural references of amad H5975, as follows;

The word translated stand still in [Josh. 10:12-13Hab. 3:11 is amad H5975prime root to stand, lit./fig. trans & intrans. also abide, appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, endure, estab. leave, make ordain, be over, place, present one, raise up, remain, repair, set forth, settle over, settle up, stand; by, firm, fast, still, stay, tarry.]  31:17 ‘are these evils not on us because our God is not among us?’-as in our day… TODAY! Josh 3:16- the waters of Jordan parted [stood up] so Israel could walk into the Promised Land. Josh. 11:13. A. To stand before a king, ie. serve, minister; Gen. 41:46,-Joseph serving Pharaoh as Grand Vizier. Deut. 1:38, Joshua, who stood beforeserved Moses with Caleb as the only two who entered the Promised Land, from the wilderness; I Kgs. 1:28, 10:8, Dan. 1:4-5, minister to Jehovah, used of Prophets, I Kgs. 17:1, 18:15, Jer. 15:19, Judg. 20:28, Ps. 134:1, a Psalm of Degrees. Levi18:23a. Princes of the 12 tribes set over anyone-used of men; Gen. 24:303141:17, [in Pharoah’s dream interpreted by Joseph, He stood upon the riverbank…out of which came the 7 cattle] and inanimate things, Num. 7:2, b. confide in anyone, Stand by or defend one, as by Michael, the ArchangelDan. 12:1-4, Esth. 8:11, 9:16. The Jews stood unified vs. Haman’s genocide plot2. to Stand For, Stand Firm, remain, endureStehen bleiben, Ps. 33:11, Jehovah’s decrees stand forever, Ps. 102:25-27, the heavens shall perish, but God remains, Ex. 18:23, Amos 2:15, Hos. 10:9, Esth. 3:4-6, Stand firm in battle before anyone. Josh. 21:44, there stood not a man of all their enemies before them. 23:9, Ecc. 4:12, Dan. 11:8, 15, 25. Persist, persevere in anything. Ecc. 8:3,
To be constituted, set, appointed, Ezr. 10:14, let our rulers be appointed.

To desist from anything, leave off, Gen. 29:35, 30:9. 4. To Stand up, arise, Dan. 12:1, 13, a new prince; AC, Dan. 8:23, 25, 11:2, 3, 20, Ecc. 4:15, of war springing up, 1 Chron. 20:4, rise up against anyone, Dan. 11:14, 1Chron. 21:1, Satan stood up against Israel to provoke David to do a census of the population. Levi. 19:16 No Talebearing5.  Dan. 11:31. A/C in AntiochusactionsHiphil, a. Cause to stand, Ps. 31:9, Ezek. 33:26,-[take your stand leaning upon your swords, the posture taken by Necromancers waiting for the rites, of witchcraft. Isa. 47:12, marginal Bull-note]. Ezek. 13:5-7, False Prophets of Israel didn’t resist or stand firm. Ps. 76:8, 130:3; a Psalm of the degrees, 147:17, Nah. 1:68, [Nahum served c. 603 BC in Hezekiah’s 14th year of living the prophecy of the 15 years added to his life, prior to the eclipse over Nineveh preceding Jonah-possibly relating to Nah. v.8 darkness pursuing their enemies?

The sea becomes tranquil, Jon. 1:15, cp. 2 Kgs 4:6; miracle oil in the cruse endured for the widow. Levi 14:11-20. Priest presented [caused to stand] the leper to be cleansed before the Lord @ the door of Tabernacle of Congregation, w/proper offerings for his cleansing & atonement. Fig. to decree, 2 Chron. 30:5, 33:8; to destine/promise anyone, impose a law on anyone, Neh. 10:33, Seat in office or function: 1 Kgs. 12:32, made priests of the lowest of the people. I Chron. 15:16. David speaks to the Chief Levites to appoint musicians like Asaph in the Temple service. 2. To cause to stand firm, establish, endure, preserve, 1 Kgs. 15:4, 2 Chron. 9:8, Prov. 29:4, to confirm; 2 Chron. 35:2, Dan. 11:14, confirm the vision by the event. 3. Stand Still, 2 Chron. 18:34, 4. Raise, to set up as idols; 2 Chron. 33:19, a house, Ezr. 2:68, 9:9, to repair the wall and house of the Lord. to arouse, stir up, Neh. 6:7, Dan. 11:11, 13. Hophal; to be set, placed, Levi 16:10, the goat on which the lot fell… to remain, 1 Kgs. 22:35.

 2Kgs. 23:3, the king stood by a pillar in the 10 steps of his coronation at the entrance of the TempleEzek. 17:14, Keep, stand by the Covenant, Ex. 9:28-remain in same place, or state both people or things, Levi. 13:5, 37, Jer. 32:14, 48:11, Dan. 10:17, 11:6. Stay amongst the living, Ex. 21:21. 3. Stillstehn, stand Still, stop, 1 Sam. 20:38, used of the sun standing still in its course; Josh. 10:13, Deut. 31:15, God in the cloudy Pillar, appeared over the Tabernacle door. 31:17 ‘are these evils not on us as our God is not among us?’6     

[5976amad=shake, be at a stand.] Ezek. 29:7 thou have made all their loins to shake, cp. Ps. 69:23. The context of Ezek. 29:2-ff is Pharaoh of Egypt, the great dragon/crocodile of the Nile who invaded and captured Gaza, [Jer 47:1] Bullinger says Pharaoh Hophra called Apries by the Greeks, who also hit Zidon in assault and battled the Prince of Tyre on the Sea [Herodotus ii, 161, 169] cp. 2 Kgs. 24:7, Jer. 46:2, battle of Carchamesh 37:5-8. Egypt thus caused Jerusalem’s destruction. [Jer. 44:30, 46:25-26.] Ezek. 29:4 uses the same language here describing Leviathan in Job as Cetus the decan of the sea monster, and Rahab=Egypt in Isa. 51:9-16, 30:7, the strength of Egypt is to sit still. Ps. 74: 13-14. As Israel under Zedekiah relied on Egyptian support which faltered [Ezek. 29:6-7] making their loins to come to a standstill, shake or “be a stand“=this usage of [H5976amad]. God divided the sea by His strength, breaking the heads of dragons in the waters, the heads of Leviathan in pieces… see Job 40-41, Hislop p. 293 talks of this Pharaoh as the embanker of the Nile.  7

In light of the astronomical meanings of the root ʿāmad (see below, section 4.2), if we read zəbūlâ in Hab. 3:11as it is vocalized in the Masoretic Text,43 the verse can be understood in its plain sense, without any need for emendations: the moon in its orbit went—unexpectedly—into the orbit of the sun and made it go dark. With the little light that remained on the earth, the flying arrows and the heads of the spears appeared to the soldiers to shine like the glow of stars. As explained below (section 4.4), observers can distinguish both the sun and the moon covering it only during an annular solar eclipse.8 [or a total solar eclipse seen through the overcast skies that spawned the hailstorm of Josh. 10:11

Thus, the aspect of darkness of dôm is directed primarily to the sun, which stopped shining in the middle of the day, while the aspect of cessation refers primarily to the moon, which appears as if it were “standing in front of the sun, as explained in verse 13, “And the sun went dark/halted, And the moon stood (still).” Other scholars, beginning in the 1940s, arrived at the conclusion that the two verbs used in this descriptiondôm and ʿāmād, express an unexpected cessation of the sun’s illumination and not the sun’s halting in its heavenly orbit,55 a result arrived at by various Jewish  commentators in the Middle Ages. The interpretation of the root dwm/dmm as a cessation of the sun’s illumination accords with one of the meanings of the root, which sometimes refers to the (usually sudden and unexpected) cessation of something from its natural, designated activity, as, for example, in Jer 47:6, in which the sword is asked to stop slaying, and in 1 Sam 14:9—in a parallel to ʿāmād, as in our verse—where it refers to non-participation in a battle.56 The same is true of ʿāmad, primarily with the preposition m-, as in Gen 30:9, where it refers to Leah’s ceasing
to bear children.57] 9

Later, J.F.A. Sawyer58 also interpreted the biblical description as a solar eclipse and suggested identifying it with the eclipse that occurred on September 30, 1131 BCE. He interpreted dôm as “stillness,” meaning that the sun ceased to shine. He explained the word ʿāmād and the clausedid not press, [or proceed] to set a whole day…10

[5977omed=a spot as being fixed, stood upright, from [H5975]. 2 Chron. 34:31, a place, where one stands, as King Josiah stood on his platform, Dan. 8:17-18. 11 H5982-Ammud also occurs in I Kgs. 7:2, cloudy pillar, Ex. 33:9-10, God’s presence [v.14] in the cloudy pillar at the Tabernacle door  to talk with Moses face-to-face, like the pillar of fire at night in [Ex. 13:22, 40:34-38]. Also used of pillars of heaven in Job 26:11 and pillars of the earth, Job 9:6. [2.] a Platform or scaffold; 2 Kgs. 11:14, 23:3. There is conjecture in the meaning of this pillar or column [H5982-ammud= Judg. 16:25-26, The pillars upon which the temple of Dagon of the Philistines standeth [H3559-kuwn= w/o God no human line is perpetuated, Isa. 9:6, Ps. 89:37, Judg. 16:26, 29]; that Samson was set between that he leaned on before destroying this temple w/ worshippers] God guarantees a kingship by establishing His Sanctuary among His people; Ex. 15:17, Isa. 2:2]. 12

2 Chron. 34:31-33
31 Then the king stood in his place and made a covenant before the Lord, to follow the Lord, and to keep His commandments and His testimonies and His statutes with all his heart and all his soul, to perform the words of the covenant that were written in this book32 And he made all who were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin take a stand. So the inhabitants of Jerusalem did according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers. 33 Thus Josiah removed all the abominations from all the country that belonged to the children of Israel, and made all who were present in Israel diligently serve the Lord their GodAll his days they did not depart from following the Lord God  of their fathers.

The teaching of this “place” where the King stood is at least two-fold, first being a physical place or platform, where he stood. Secondly, the spiritual foundation of his standing. King Josiah was a reformer who returned the kingdom of Israel to the precepts of righteousness, within God’s Covenant. We will look into this in greater detail below, in our study of 2Kgs. 23:3 and the king’s coronation record. The King’s coronation was always held in the temple, served by the prophets and priests who ministered in the ordination and installment of the King according to godly standards, as we find in the installment of King Josiah. It will help to understand better the celestial/astronomical implications of these temple pillars, for context.

A key aspect of the Temple layout regards the two large Brass Pillars at the entrance of the Temple at Jerusalem, and their relation to the Pi ratio. They are described in I Kings 7:13-15 below.

1 Ki 7:13 And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre. [14] He was a widow’s son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and understanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work. [15] For he cast two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high apiece: and a line of twelve cubits did compass either of them about.

The word for “line” in verse 15 above indicates a line for measuring, thus a closer look at these brass pillars is called for. The Pi ratio has long been considered transcendental number, or constant of  mathematics (3.14159…), linking a straight diameter to a curved circumference. The archaeologist and mathematician Charles Funk-Hellet points out that:

“Solomon had Hiram contribute to building a temple whose brass columns were 18 cubits high, and 12 cubits around. In other words, one cubit equaled the twelfth part of the circumference of the arc of 30 degrees, or pi/6. By subtracting the circumference from the height, they obtained 6 cubits in a straight line, which was equal to 1/2 the circumference, or the exact value of pi; so that 1000 years before Christ the Hebrews knew that a cubit was a mathematical entity dependent on the circumference, and were able to resolve pi to four points of decimal.” 13 

Figure 1. Pi ratio applied to the circle of 12 signs or Constellations of the ecliptic.

Funk-Hellet’s observation that: “By subtracting the circumference from the height, they obtained 6 cubits in a straight line, which was equal to 1/2 circumference, or the exact value of pi/6.…“ is worth noting when we come to the subject of the celestial symbolism of the Menorah, and its application of pi, building on what we have found here. Funk-Hellet goes on to say that: “the Biblical cubit is equal to the Egyptian Royal cubit, that was incorporated into the Jerusalem Temple as pi/6, or 523.6 mm. Using one unit of measure as the radius of a circle, the ancients found the trigonometric value of 30 degrees to be pi/6, (that divided the full circumference of the circle into 12 equal parts, as the 12 signs of the zodiac are divided into 12/30 degree segments) and was the value of the royal cubit, or .5236 of the unit used: 3.1416/6= .5236“ 14 (parenthesis & emphasis mine)

Figure 2. Solomon’s Temple with Brass Pillars at the Entrance. 15

Brass Pillars at the Entrance of Solomon’s Temple

In effect, we have an architectural representation of the twelve-fold division of the heavens preserved in the dimensions of the Temple’s Brass columns, all based on the mathematical standard Pi, long before most modern scientists imagined the ancients knew anything about Pi at this level of accuracy. This provides more evidence showing the Creator’s perfect wisdom and Nature’s Great Geometer, at work in the dimensions of His Temple, as an illustration of heavenly realities [Heb. 8:5], which He gave to King  David by revelation. Also symbolically contained in the dimensions of the Temple’s brass columns, is a figure of 12 calendar months of 30 days, totaling the 360 days of their year, a calendar also used going all the way back to Noah’s time, in the context of the 360-degrees of the ecliptic. This reveals a true origin of the 12 – 30° segments of the ecliptic, as a standard celestial measure, and also reveals the Pi ratio at the root of the Hebrew Calendar matching the 360 degrees of the circle with the 360 days of the year on the Calendar of the Biblical Patriarchs. And since Noah was already 600 years old when the Bible records the details of his luni-solar calendar in Genesis 7, it also implies that it was used by the earlier Biblical Patriarchs prior to the flood, and centuries before history and human science thought this level of sophisticated astronomical timekeeping was in use. For more information on Noah’s Calendar, please check our website link @try-god.com. As we find other Biblical uses of the Hebrew word “qav,” God’s application of the Pi concept far exceeds any previous application in human history. Views based on scientific Materialism will never account fully for the realities of God’s Creation. Only from the Creator’s viewpoint in His Word, and the Works of His Hands, do these applications of pi make sense. Only He could apply pi to the ecliptic and the dimensions of planet Earth, an idea borne out in greater detail, in how pi is symbolically and architecturally appliednot only in the Hebrew Tabernacle and Temple, but moreso in the Great Pyramid, [Fig. 3, below]. Since the pattern shown to Moses for the Tabernacle was by divine revelation, just as the Temple’s pattern was shown to King David, these men of God did not calculate the blueprints for these sacred edifices, or their related measurements, by scientific trial and error. Thus, they didn’t need to wait centuries on the Greeks-like Archimedes, generally considered the greatest of ancient scientists, to rediscover or apply them in divine architecture. Although Archimedes is to be commended for his application of the pi ratio, at his later time in history, respectfully it pales compared to what we find in the Biblical uses of “qav” relating to pi.

Figure 3. Pi Ratio in the Great Pyramid of Giza – Bing images 16.

Image result for Golden Ratio Great Pyramid of Giza

In Isa. 9:6, one of the great prophecies of the promised seed, it is used of the Messiah as Sar-Shalom, the Prince of Peace, the one who brings peace to all Creation, [Eph. 2:11-18]. The word Sar as the root of saros doubtless linked to the Hebrew word [H8269] of the same spelling, meaning; “ruler, prince captain, chief, leader, head.”17 The word retained this meaning even in modern usage, as in the Tsar of all the Russias. As a witness linking to the roots of very early human language, Aesar is a word for “God” in both, Icelandic and Irish, Osar in Egyptian like Osiris was the prince. Even the English word “sir” and the RomanCeasar” are traceable to this root. It is used in Daniel 10:13 & 20, referring the arch-angel Michael who routed the fallen angel (Daimon), opposing the messenger angel that God sent to answer Daniel’s prayer. The meaning of “sar” is Jesus Christ as the Prince of Peace embodies “the sum of creation, as the prince of Creation.” The most important date on the calendar of Israel then becomes the birthday of Jesus Christ on New Years Day, Tishri 1, 3 BC. Because the Hebrew calendar was lunar based [saros] as to the start of its months, the coordination of the lunar and solar cycles set the basis for the signs marking the birth of Christ. “With every 19 solar years plus 2 hours, the Sun and Moon return to meet each other at the same appointed time and place in the sky. The saros, however being an eclipse lunar cycle, consists of 19 eclipse years, which is only 18 solar years plus eleven days. An eclipse year consists of 346.62 solar days, which is equal to 11.738 full moons. When we divide the saros by 11.738, we get 1.618, (or phi), accurate to 4 digits!”18 This shows us a comparison between 2 lunar cycles (eclipse years & full moons) that harmonize according to the phi ratio. Since the Sun intersects a lunar Node two times every 346.62-day eclipse year, we see how the solar and lunar cycles might also be linked by the phi proportion. As we consider the Calendar of Israel, which unified the luni-solar cycles according to phi, in concert with Israel’s sacred fifty-year cycle of Jubilees, the impact of this pattern in the Natural Order is evident, since there are 618 full Moons in any given 50-year Jubilee cycle.

According to Hislop, The Chaldean version of this word: Zer, meaning “to encompass” gives us not only the English basis for; “Zero signified by a circle among the Chaldeans,” but also Zero; “the seed.”19 It further relates to the Hebrew word “zera” [H2233], used referring to the promised seed in Genesis 3:15. To this end the Chaldean word for the “woman’s promised seed” was Zero-ashta, that also formed the basis of the name Zoroaster. We should note here that the Zoroastrian writings in the Zend-Avesta predicted the return of Zoroaster as a Messianic savior who would renew all existence in preparation for the Last Judgment. These references to the woman’s promised seed point directly to the general sign of the Celestial Prelude. Hislop also notes:

 “In many nations, not only was a great god known under the name of Zero or Zer; the seed, and a great goddess under the name of Ashta or Ishta; the woman, but the great god Zero is frequently characterized by some epithet which implies that he is The only One.”20

This evidence provides a strong basis for a direct correlation to Coma, the seed as the desired of the nations, [Hab. 2:7] especially when we view the supernova in this child’s head, as the promised seed, pictured in the woman’s lap in the decan of Coma, as the general sign of the Celestial Prelude. Hislop goes on to say: “As he who by the Chaldeans was regarded as the great Seed was looked upon as the Sun incarnate, and as the emblem of the Sun was a circle, the hieroglyphic relation between zero; “the circle,” and zero; ‘the seed‘ was easily established.”21

The Maya were also familiar with the concept of zero long before it reached Europe through India and the Arab traders. They used a shell shape to symbolize zero, but to them “it was not a symbol for nothing; but it represented completion and the seed from which all could be derived.”22

From the information above we can see related cultural connotations for Sar-zero in the sun, embodied as the promised “great seed” [Mal. 4:2], the ecliptic upon which the sun travels [Psalm 19:4-6], in its course, moon (saros), and the “encompassing” circle, in spite of being separated by culture and time. The history of “zero” from a mathematical viewpoint is interesting in this light, because the Arabs, from whom we have taken it, got it from the Chaldeans. In our modern usage, zero is the absence of quantity, the point where a continuous function changes its sign from positive to negative [or from the physical to spiritual] as in, for example, zeropoint energy Physics. From a Biblical viewpoint, this transition between the physical and spiritual realms is embodied in Jesus Christ who is the crown of Creation. As the Word made flesh, seated at the right hand of God at the utmost peak of the cosmos, Jesus gives mankind our only access to the true spiritual side of life that arches over our physical “reality,” [II Cor. 4:18]. As the ideal man and mediator, he embodies the relationship between all humanity on Earth and our Heavenly Father. This becomes more interesting when we consider that, according to ancient Sumerian myth, Sar also symbolized the totality of the cosmos. The Sumerian conception of this was dual, meaning there was an upper totality called An-Sar, and a lower totality known as Ki-Sar. “An” meant heaven, and “Ki” meant Earth to the Sumerians, who believed that originally these two were unified in one place, until circumstances demanded that Earth be set aside for humanity in its fallen state. The Sar was the prince who would once again unify these disparate aspects of Creation resulting from the temptation and fall of man. As we consider the Sumerian cosmos, we find the ancient concept of a layered Celestial Sphere within the great circle of An-Sar that encompasses the lesser ellipses or pillars of the eclipticEquator, the planetaryearthly and lunar orbits.

As the high priest after the order of Melchisedek, Jesus inherits his double square breastplate of 12 precious stones, symbolizing the authority of the Lion of the Tribe of Judah as Priest-King over Israel’s 12 [4 x 3] tribes [Ex. 28:15-30]. Keeping with the celestial symbolism theme, the breastplate, was designed with a niche holding the Urim and Thummim, or lights and perfections; representing the two great lights of the Sun and Moon. As oracles of the High Priest, these two stones revealed the wisdom and glory of the Creator, even as the movements of the Sun and Moon in the sky declare God’s glory [Ps. 19:1]. We find more references to these 12 stones and their variants in the living stones of I Pet. 2:4-7

Another element in understanding the celestial/astronomical implications of these temple pillars, includes the astronomy of the birth of Christ. This is a natural progression from the Kings of Israel, starting with King David and the Davidic Dynasty leading to the promised seed and King of Kings, the apex of this royal spiritual line in Jesus Christ.

Other notable researchers have acknowledged the correlation of Rosh Hashanah not only at the Birth of Christ on Sept. 11th, 3 BC, but also as his birth relates to his victorious return as King of Kings and Lord of Lords, with the Rev. 12 heavenly birth signs replaying in 2017 and beyond, in light of the Biblical Archaeo-Astronomy of the Great Pyramid. The principal on the Signs of the End web- site isDaniel Matson, @[http://watchfortheday.org/signsoftheend/giza2024.html]. 23

He broached this topic with the question; “Could Rosh Hashanah be the real factor? His basic idea is  that the pyramid complex is a map of the heavens of a point in time when Christ returns. The pyramids show what is to be at meridian (Al Nitak in Orion), taking into account the causeways heading east from the pyramids, showing the importance of the rising sun or other items rising in the east. That the Sphinx also looks to the east is a factor as well. The point though was to see when a candidate for an alignment of Rosh Hashanah and the meridian alignment of Orion at dawn.”24

An earlier version of this was realized in the Great Pyramid’s Rosh Hashanah alignment of 2017,

As we have posted in numerous blog studies, the heavenly signs marking the birth of Christ seen in Rev12 will also mark his victorious return, and we have documented how the heavenly signs in the 2014-2015 Blood Moon Tetrad and the signs leading up to the 2017 fall equinox, established this truth. However, the 2017 alignment was not alone as a possible marker for Christ’s Return. The next alignment of this type is coming in 2028, when dates for Rosh Hashanah may match the sky picture of signs as described in Rev. 12. In 2017 Matson showed a key relationship between the Christ Angle of the Great Pyramid and the Rosh Hashanah date starting-sundown on Sept. 20th-21st, 2017, two days before the Feast of Trumpets on 9-23-2017. As Matson said, “this was the first year from when he marked Rosh Hashanah coming immediately after Sept20th—the time Al Nitak hits the meridian precisely at dawnand also when Regulus hits the Christ angle.”25 Thus, the Christ angle not only bisects Bethlehem as a prophecy of Christ’s birth, but it also bisects Regulus as in 2017, at this point in time again in 2028, as a potential time of his Return.

The Sept. 20th alignment of Venus-Regulus related to the Great Pyramid, is seen in Fig. 4 below.

Figure 4. Great Pyramid Passage Alignments on Rosh Hashanah 2017. 26

Signs of the End – The Oracle in Stone

Here the passages of the Great Pyramid according to the Christ Angle, map out the signs of the
Celestial Sphinx, as Regulus and Venus are aligned in Leo the Lion, while Jupiter is in Virgo.

The first clincher here is that on Rosh Hashanah-2017Venus the bright and Morning Star is in
conjunction with Regulus at dawn, aligned with the Christ Angle, visible above the horizon. Second, below the horizon is Jupiter–called the “scepter” in [Num. 24:17], as King planet of the Jews, is positioned equi-distant via the Christ angle to Regulus & Venus above the horizon. The dawn VenusRegulus union reminds us of the testimony of the Apostle Peter;

2 Peter 1:19-21
And so we have the prophetic word confirmed, which you do well to heed as a light that shines in a dark placeuntil the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts; knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation, for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.

In Fig. 5 below the Christ angle in the Ascending Passage of the Great Pyramid is aligned with the Venus-Regulus union in Leo, the Lion of the tribe of Judah. The key note here is the star Regulus, the brightest star on the ecliptic, is located at the heart of Leo, and when this glorious dawn of the sixth administration breaks, the Morning Star Jesus Christ arises in our hearts, enlightening us for eternal glory, as we are raptured with Christ to God’s own right hand, forever. The 2nd part of this Pyramid alignment on Rosh Hashanah, when Al Nitak hits the meridian precisely at dawn,  extending through the Pyramid’s apex, to the star Al Nitak on Orion’s Belt. The apex and chief cornerstone of the Great Pyramid itself is also the subject of numerous messianic prophecies [Ps. 118: 22] where the stone rejected by the builders has become head of the corner, or the chief cornerstone. This 5th cornerstone of the Great Pyramid sits atop the superstructure of the Great Pyramid, unifying the four cornerstones at the Pyramid’s base, into the spiritual body of Christ’s Church, [Eph. 2:20]. This would activate the celestial image of the Great Pyramid, to unify the capstone with the body of the Great Pyramid, as a prophecy of Christ’s return FOR his saints.

The Almighty has provided many examples from History and Nature, not to mention countless Biblical miracles confirming His Prophetic Word, in the dual witness of Biblical Archaeo-Astronomy, of the Great Pyramid providing excellent depictions of this verse with Venus the Morning Star aligned in the King Star Regulus at dawn on Rosh Hashanah, Sept. 21st, 2017, according to the measures of the Great Pyramid’s Ascending/ Descending passages, [Fig. 5 below]. If indeed these heavenly signs are pointing to The Dawn of The Day of the Lord’s Return FOR his Saints in 2028, then it will truly be the dawn of a New Day and Age of Everlasting Righteousness in the Lord Jesus Christ.

Figure 5. The Great Pyramid’s Ascending Passage alignment with the Venus-Regulus union in Leo, 9-20-2017.  27

This view of the prophecy of the Great Pyramid in its Ascending and Descending Passage angles agrees with what Scriptures say about the witness of the Great Pyramid in Isaiah 19:19-20. What is evident from this graphic [Fig. 4] is the key role of the planets Jupiter and Venus in marking the Birth and 2nd Coming of the Lord. Historically, ancient Pyramid researchers have made key observations concerning the dimensions and symbolism of the only ancient world wonder still intact. Scholars from Herodotus to Agatharchides oCnidus in the 2nd Cent. BC, emphasized mathematical and geometric principles governing the building and conception of the Pyramid complex on the Giza Plateau, as opposed to their specific measures. A modern scholar, Livio Stechini in analyzing the past work of Pyramid researchers, has focused on the meridian triangle of the Great Pyramid, which provided precise values of both the Pi and Phi ratios, in the four triangular faces of the Great Pyramid. Agatharchides found dimensions for two of the meridian sections of the Pyramid based on Pi, with the other 2 triangle sections based on Phi.28 As we may recall from our High School Geometry class, Pi resolved the circle’s relationship between its diameter and circumference. In Sacred Geometry, a spiritual view of geometric principles is held, where the Circle symbolizes the Eternal Creator [Elohim], while the Diameter embodies God as Jehovah in relationship with His Creation. Jehovah is seen reaching out to humanity in His only begotten Son, where Jesus as the diameter line, links the centerpoint; [Mancreation] to the Creator seen as the eternal Circle, outside of Creation. So Christ is the perfect mediator between God and Man, [I Tim. 2:5].

Rosh ha-Shanah on Tishri 1, was the “head” of the Judean calendar as New Year’s day and Jesus’ birth-day, the first day of the 50year Hebrew cycle of Jubilees. This set a foundational temporal pattern of the seasons, holidays and feasts of Israel’s sacred calendar.

During the “Great Wonder” of Rev. 12:1, the feet of the woman, Virgo fall at the intersection of the ecliptic and the Celestial Equator, which is also known as the autumnal equinox, one of the so-called four pillars of heaven,” the four Cardinal Directions of the horizon. This celestial point was generally marked on the Hebrew calendar by the Feast of Tabernacles, which occurred later during this Sabbath of Months. V.P. Wierwille refers to the significance of Tishri 1 the seventh month, with the following:

 “Just as age was reckoned from Tishri 1 to Tishri 1, so were the regnal years of Judean Kings. The blowing of trumpets of Rams Horns was also part of the coronation ceremony of these Judean Kings.” 29

We find added evidence for this in the star cycle of Sirius, as a symbol embodying a dual-nature of the Morning Star. Its fallen archaic nature is seen in Lucifer, the first Morning Star [Isa. 14:12], while the risen nature is seen in Christ [Rev. 22:16]. This becomes more intriguing when we look at aspects of the stellar mythos of the star cycles of Sirius A & B, of the African tribe called the Dogon.

The Dogon celestial mythology says the cycle of SiriusB,” a White Dwarf companion star in joint orbit with SiriusA“, is a 50-year cycle, a fact verified by modern astronomers. Thus, it is instructive to see how half the fifty-year cycle of Sirius B exhibits the luni-solar kinship inherent in the 50-year cycle of Hebrew Jubilees, according to the golden section, or phi ratio. This key to the celestial coordination of the luni-solar cycle, along with the star cycle of Sirius as the three main calendars referred to in Gen. 1:14-16. Since the sidereal Sirius year, or Sothic Calendar as the Greeks called it, requires a highly advanced knowledge of the heavens, capable of selecting the lone star in the sky that dictates a year-365¼ days long, we find more support for these advanced astronomical practices about 1000+ years prior to Abraham, in ancient Egypt.

Although the historical correlation of the 50-year Jubilee and the 50-year Sothic cycle is unsettled, we have seen the Jubilee cycle is central to the timing of Christ’s birth, and stands out in the celestial events making up the great wonder of Rev. 12. According to Schwaller de Lubicz, who broke down the 50-year Sothic cycle into two 25 year cycles: says a twenty-five year cycle corresponds to 309 lunations. The calculations are:

25 x 365 = 9125 days, and
9125 = 29.5307 days per lunation in 309 lunations

This in itself reveals extremely accurate observations. Modern Astronomy reckons the lunation as 29.53059 days, a difference of about a second. But Schwaller de Lubicz notes the intriguing equivalence of twenty-five years to 309 lunar months. 309 = (Ø -1 x 1000 and its choice as the number determining the cycle cannot have been accidental.                                   2

Ø – 1 x 1000.)=618.  A double cycle comprising 50 years; expresses the Golden Section. 30 
            2

Thus the inception of Jesus’ reign as King of Kings is marked on his birthday of Tishri 1, the “Day of Trumpets.” The significance of the king’s coronation tied to Rosh Hashannah, New Year’s Day and the head of Israel’s calendar, is that Christ is the King of Kings presiding over all temporal, civil and sacred matters as the King-High Priest of Israel. Thus, his birth on this key day of the calendar was foreordained by God, from before the foundations of the world. An example of this coronation tradition in the kingdom of Israel can be seen in II Kings 11:

2 Kings 11:12-14
And he brought forth the king’s son, and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, God save the king. [13] And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people into the temple of the Lord. [14] And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the manner was, and the princes and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason.

The figure Polysyndetyn is evident in 2 Kings above as seen with the use of manyands” separating the steps of the king’s coronation, starting with bringing forth the king’s son in v. 12, and concluding with the blowing of trumpets, and Athalia tearing her clothes and crying Treason as the 13th step of rebellion in v.14, resulting in her death.

The chronological alignment that we are recognizing with regards to the regnal years of Judean kings,  calculated from New Years Day, Rosh ha-Shanah on the Hebrew Calendar, from Tishri 1 to Tishri 1, that coincides with the birthday of Jesus Christ is established in a celestial coronation ceremony of the promised seed, with the triple planetary union of Jupiter-Regulus following Christ’s birth in  BC. In the Book of Kings, Jesus is the King’s son, in the Red Thread title, that unveils each book in God’s Word according to the ministry of Christ. These steps recorded in the king’s coronation here in II Kings 11:12-14, start with the king being brought forth, the ninth of which is “the king stood by a pillar, as the manner was.” Verse 13 above notes that the coronation ceremony took place in the Temple of the Lord, which is logical since the king was ordained and anointed of God. Below we find the celestial rendition of Christ’s Coronation, with the first of 3 unions of Jupiter, the King planet and Regulus the king star, in 3-2 BC. In Fig. 6 below, the path of Jupiter from Sept. 3 BC to Nov. 2 BC is depicted as Jupiter crowns Regulus. This involves the coordination of the luni-solar, planetary and star cycles all synched in honor of the prophesied appearance of the promised seed, God’s only begotten Son, Jesus Christ, the King of kings.

Fig. 6. The Triple conjunction of Jupiter and Regulus on Sept. 14th 3 BC. 31

In the Astronomy of the Birth of Christ, we also found a series of at least 7 lunar occultations of Regulus, signifying the serpent’s efforts to obstruct the purposes of God in the time of Christ’s birth. There is evidence that these lunar activities marked the workings of the serpent’s seed in bringing about death and destruction. This dark lunar symbolism relates to the Moon’s eclipse cycle resulting in the recurrent lapse of the Sun’s life-giving light. In the final analysis however, persecution by the adversary does not directly hinder the movement of God’s Word, it only will ultimately assist in its abundant dispersion.

II Chronicles 23:3-11 shows us this record in greater detail.
3 Then all the assembly made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said to them,“Behold, the king’s son shall reign, as the Lord has said of the sons of DavidThis is what you shall do: One-third of you entering on the Sabbath, of the priests and the Levites, shall be keeping watch over the doors one-third shall be at the king’s house; and one-third at the Gate of the Foundation. All the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LordBut let no one come into the house of the Lord except the priests and those of the Levites who serve. They may go in, for they are holy; but all the people shall keep the watch of the LordAnd the Levites shall surround the king on all sides, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whoever comes into the house, let him be put to death. You are to be with the king when he comes in and when he goes out.”

So the Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded. And each man took his men who were to be on duty on the Sabbath, with those who were going off duty on the Sabbath; for Jehoiada the priest had not dismissed the divisions. And Jehoiada the priest gave to the captains of hundreds the spears and the large and small shields which had belonged to King David, that were in the temple of God. 10 Then he set all the people, every man with his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and by the temple, all around the king11 And they brought out the king’s son, put the crown on himgave him the [a]Testimony, and made him king. Then Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, “Long live the king!”

Death of Athaliah

12 Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people in the temple of the Lord13 When she looked, there was the king standing by his pillar at the entrance; and the leaders and the trumpeters were by the king. All the people of the land were rejoicing and blowing trumpets, also the singers with musical instruments, and those who led in praise. So Athaliah tore her clothes and said, “Treason! Treason!

2Kgs. 23:3, the king stood by a pillar at the Temple’s entrance in the 13 steps of his coronation. As Ezek17:14, tells us, if the king kept God’s Covenant, the kingdom would stand, explaining why the coronation ceremony was held in the Temple where God’s name dwelt.

2 Chronicles 23:13-15
[13] And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason. 14 And Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds who were set over the army, and said to them, “Take her outside under guard, and slay with the sword whoever follows her.” For the priest had said, “Do not kill her in the house of the Lord.”
15 So they seized her; and she went by way of the entrance of the Horse Gate into the king’s house, and they killed her there.

The Trumpets that accompanied the King’s coronation ceremony on Rosh Hashanah in v.13 above, are very appropriate to the pomp and circumstance of the occasion. There has been conjecture as to the meaning of this pillar or column [H5982-ammud=Judg. 16:25-26, I Kgs. 7:2, pillar of cloud, Ex. 33:9-10, and the pillar of fire in Ex. 13:22. Also used of pillars of heaven in Job 26:11 and pillars of the earth, Job 9:6-7. Job here mentions the earthly pillars in the same breath as the sun not giving its light, along with the stars being sealed up. The earth’s seasons of winter, spring, summer and fall, located at the equinoxes and solstices, are called the earthly pillars. [2.] a Platform or scaffold; where the King stood by his pillar2 Kgs. 11:14, 23:3.

The record in 2 Chron. 23 puts this “pillar at the entering in,” and if the entrance of the temple is meant, it refers to the Temple’s large pillars of brass called Jachin and Boaz. This agrees with the New Bible Dictionary which states: “The entrance to Solomon’s Temple was flanked by 2 huge bronze pillars of key significance, [I Kgs 7:15-22]. They were thought to indicate the divine presence as the pillars of fire and cloud in Ex. 33:9, Deut. 31:15. It was apparently by one of these that the king stood on ceremonial occasions, [2 Kings 23:3, 2 Chron. 23:13].”32

 In II Chron. 34:31, King Josiah stood in his place (H5977omed) and made a covenant before the Lord to keep His commandments. The word translated “place” has the same Hebrew root [H5975amad] as the wordpillar” above.

1 Kings 7:21 And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz.

Thus, as the kings of Israel stood in their place, by their pillar in the temple during the king’s
coronation ceremony, so the coronation of the King of kings, seen in the stellar heralding of his birth, was also marked by one of the four celestial pillars of heaven. At this center point in history, near the autumnal equinox, with the Moon at the feet of Virgo, with the setting of the star Spica-Al Zemach, the moments of the birth of Jesus Christ were framed in the heavens. This was followed 3 days later by the first union of a triple planetary coronation with first
Jupiter-Regulus Conjunction in Leo.

Fig. 7. The Scene at Sunset on 9-11-3BC with the Sun in Virgo with the Moon at her Feet.33

jupiter-regulus

This graphic marks the scene described in Rev. 12 with “the woman [Virgo] clothed with the sun, and the Moon at her feet. The Moon also happens to mark the autumnal equinox, with the crossing of the Celestial Equator and the Ecliptic or path of the Sun. This picture represents the view from Jerusalem on Sept. 11th, 3, BC, at sunset at 6:18pm, and moonset at 7:39pm, as the Sun and Moon frame the setting of the Star Spica which marked the birth time of the Messiah Jesus Christ. 34

This reference to the Feasts of Tabernacles and Passover in the pillar’s chapiters dividing the year in half according to the sacred calendar, remind us of the relation of the luni-solar year that is evident in the cycle of Jubilees. The Feast of Tabernacles was the third of the great annual feasts of the Hebrew sacred calendar, beginning on the fifteenth of the month, which was the height of the full Moon. It determined the start, and closed the annual sacred cycle of the Sabbatical year and the agricultural year, while also marking the change of seasons. Coming during the seventh or most sacred month with its Moon at full strength, shows us another stamp of seven in the temporal order of this feast. Edersheim comments on the significance of the number seven in his book The Temple, where he states:

“What the seventh day, or sabbath was to the week, the seventh month seems to have been to the year.” 35

Thus it would follow that, as Pentecost was to Passover in that it followed it by fifty days (7×7+1), so the Jubilee followed in yearsLeviticus 25:8 relates the “seven Sabbaths of years” to the 50th year of the Jubilee, which fell on the Day of Atonement, or the tenth day of the holiest 7th month of Tishri. In the same way that liberty was proclaimed in the Jubilee, throughout all the land and to all its inhabitants [Levi. 25:10], so Jesus set at liberty them that were bruised, while proclaiming the acceptable year of the Lord at the opening of his ministry. This is interesting when we observe that there are thirty Jubilees that bring us from the Exodus to the opening of Christ’s ministry, when opening the scroll to Isa. 61:2, he certified the “acceptable year of the Lord” in a 7-fold prophecy, (Lk. 4:18-21).36 This fits neatly with the truth that in fulfilling the O.T. Law as the embodiment of the Passover male lamb of the first year [Exod. 12:5), Jesus was in the first year of his manhood according to Hebrew reckoning, beginning at 30 years old. During this specific period of 70 weeks; [Dan. 9:24] decreed by God as the period to fulfill this Messianic redemption wherein he ministered to Israel, he was crucified, resurrected, & ascended, exploding the myth that his ministry lasted till he was thirty-three.

In summary, the January Blog of 2023 has illustrated how the potential eclipse of Joshua’s Long Day relates to the luni-solar cycle through the eclipse cycle and even the lunar occultations of Regulus,
to highlight Biblical Astronomy keys of the coronation of the King of kings. Behind it all, we find
God’s mighty Hand guiding us in our search for Biblical truth, continuing to inspire us as we uncover invaluable nuggets along our ultimate path to being seated in Christ at God’s right hand, according to His eternal purposes.

God Bless!

Rene’

 

Footnotes

1. January 2017 Hebrew Journal Beyt Mikra by physicist Ḥezi YitzḥakBible scholar
Daniel Weinstaub
, and archeologist Uzi Avner.
2. IBID.
3. Plate 1. Picture Credit, (courtesy of the NASA website)
4. January 2017 Hebrew Journal Beyt Mikra by physicist Ḥezi YitzḥakBible scholar
Daniel Weinstaub
, and archeologist Uzi Avner.
5. IBID.
6. Gesenius HebrewChaldee Lexicon- H5975:amad.
7. IBID, 5976amad.
8. January 2017 Hebrew Journal Beyt Mikra by physicist Ḥezi YitzḥakBible scholar
Daniel Weinstaub
, and archeologist Uzi Avner.
9. IBID.
10. IBID.
11. Gesenius HebrewChaldee Lexicon- 5977-omed.

12. IBID, H5982-ammud.
13. A History of Pi, p. 16, Petr Beckmann.
14. Secrets of the Great Pyramid,  Peter Thompkins, p. 263
15. Fig. 2, picture credit. Solomon’s Temple with Brass Pillars at the Entrance.
 [alaymanlooksattheword.blogspot.com]
16. Figure 3. picture credit from Bing images; Pi Ratio in the Great Pyramid of Giza.
17. Strong’s Concordance; H8269-saros, James Strong.
18. Sun, Moon and Earth. Robin Heath, p.28
19. The Two Babylons Hislop, p. 59
20. IBID Hislop, p. 18
21. IBID.
22. Serpent in the Sky J..A. West, p. 94.
23. http://watchfortheday.org/signsoftheend/giza2024.html
24. IBID.
25. IBID.
26. IBID, Signs of the End – The Oracle in Stone.
27. Fig. 5 Picture credit. [endtimesforecaster.blogspot.com]
28. Secrets of the Great Pyramid,  Peter Thompkins, p. 374-375.
29. Jesus Christ our Promised Seed, American Christian Press, VP Weirwille
30 Serpent in the Sky J..A. West, ppg. 94-95.
31. Fig. 6 picture credit, Jesus Christ our Promised Seed, p. 61, American Christian Press.
32. New Bible Dictionary, ppg. 544-545, Tyndale House Publishers.
33. Fig. 7 picture credit, Jesus Christ our Promised Seed, p. 70-71, American Christian Press.
34. IBID, p. 70.
35. The Temple.  Alfred Edersheim
36. IBID

 

Comments on Facebook

To those of you interested in commenting on this post please go to our Facebook Group Page 

https://www.facebook.com/groups/bibleastronomy

 

 

 

Comments Off on Joshua’s Long Day and the birth of the King’s Son.

The Biblical Astronomy of the Miracle of Joshua’s Long Day

In Jon Nessle’s current OT History class, we have learned of key errors linked to the dating of the conventional chronologies, of history, and the assumptions that accompany their popularized time placement, that have caused no end of confusion for archaeology, Bible historians, and students. We will see how Courville’s redating of Bible History has provided much-needed answers to the numerous problems linked to the conventional chronology. We will also note some modern historians and Bible Archaeologists that not only agree with Courville’s redating, but provided key evidences in support of it. The following quotes from Courville provide the context of this position along with the benefits that come with their acceptance. This provides an important backdrop for the subject of this month’s blog, an astronomical event known as Joshua’s Long Day. The focus of this study is an alternative timeline to the conventional chronology, along with some existing and newer research connected to Joshua’s Long Day. The first reference from Courville addresses certain cultural innovations that the Hebrews brought in their invasion and conquest of Palestine, led by Joshua.

“The pottery of the period is exceptionally fine… At Megiddo there is a complicated succession of building periods …. Early in the sequence comes a very fine town wall… and is a most impressive example of the town walls of this period. This phase can be taken as representative of the fully developed culture of Canaanite [sic] Palestine, a culture of prosperous city-states. Against the background of the revised chronology, the ancient Hebrews were far from being a cipher culturally. It was the Hebrews who introduced the use of bronze into Palestine; it was the Hebrews who introduced the use of the fast wheel in making pottery; it was the Hebrews who introduced the high level of culture to be observed in Palestine at the beginning of Middle Bronze and which was never exceeded; it was the Hebrews who introduced the use of drainage systems and the use of cisterns as a means of preserving water from the rainy season; it was the Hebrews who introduced improvements in the architecture of dwellings and defense walls; it was very probably the Hebrews who introduced the technique for obtaining iron from its ores in quantity. These and other contributions to the culture of Middle Bronze Age in Palestine should be credited to the Hebrews and not to their pagan
contemporaries, the Canaanites or the Amorites. However, all this is true only if it is possible to erect a satisfactory chronological structure of the ancient world on the foundations laid by a redating of the end of Early Bronze to c. 1400 B.C., some 600 years later than dates currently attributed to this change of culture. This is an exceedingly large IF. While it has already been shown that a number of large problems in archaeology are provided solutions by this alteration, this is only a start. It must also be shown that every significant synchronism which has been used to support the conventional structure is either ill-founded or else, that it continues to hold for
the revised structure; it must be shown that the almost infinite bits of information gleaned archaeologically can be rationally interpreted against this revised background; it must be shown that all of the chronologies of other ancient nations can be revised as necessary to fit into this revised scheme; it must be shown that the various methods of dating that have been used in arriving at the presently accepted structure are not valid, including the so-called astronomical dating methods.”

“And finally, it must be explained why most scholars in the field for the last half-century and more have fallen into the same errors of fallacious reasoning without being able to recognize the nature of their mistakes which have led them to the currently accepted views. Not only is this possible, it can be done with the continued elimination of numerous added difficulties characterizing the conventional structure and with the appearance of a number of noteworthy synchronisms that have not been previously recognized. The writer does not ask the reader to accept these claims per se. He only asks that the reader follow carefully and critically the developments outlined in the subsequent chapters of this work, evaluating for them the evidence which are presented in support of a revised chronology of Egypt which agrees with Bible chronology and with Bible history without an appreciable flaw.” [HEBREW CULTURE p. 113-114 THE EXODUS PROBLEM] 1

At this point, we are content to note that the same shift in dating at the end of Early Bronze which provides solutions to anomalies at Jericho, and at Ai, as well as providing a ready solution to the enigmas of Hittite chronology, also provides the proper setting for the events of the Exodus, the Conquest of Joshua, and the era of the Judges. A major issue with the Conventional Chronology where the history of ancient Egypt is concerned, is the lack of precise evidence to delineate epochal divisions between Stone, Bronze & Iron ages, to mark the transitions between these epochs. Courville is one of the very few who has aligned the layers of the archaeological digs starting in Jericho, as documented by Kenyon, from the end of the Jews 40-year wilderness wandering after the Exodus, with Joshua’s conquest and displacement of the Canaanites, Amorites, et al. in Palestine.

On the basis of the multiplicity of synchronisms indicating that the Conquest should properly be set at the end of Earlv Bronze IV, it was concluded that the Exodus occurred at the point of the fall of the Old Kingdom, approximately marked by the end of Dynasty VI. This point is marked by a similar eclipse of power in Egypt which lasted for a pluralitv of centuries. [3] On the basis of the demands of the redating of the end of Early Bronze, it was necessary to recognize both these periods as one and the same2

The identification of the line of Pharaoh’s just before the Hyksos kings, puts us in the proper position to reveal the pharaoh of the Oppression, which provides confirmation of this general structure. Thus, it will be possible also to show clearly the identity of the Pharaoh of the Oppression who carried out an extensive building program in brick in the eastern Delta region where the Israelites lived. A famine inscription appears, dated almost exactly at the point required by Old Testament Chronology relative to the Exodus, dated c. 1445 B.C., with a multiple of confirming evidences for the proposed setting of the Exodus. This scenario put forward by Courville in THE EXODUS PROBLEM, is the setting of my Nov. 2022 blog, that handles details of Joshua’s Conquest, to agree with the Scriptural and historical account of events as seen in Joshua 10. 3

Joshua 10:1-6
1 Now it came to pass when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai and had utterly destroyed it—as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king—and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among themthat they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mightyTherefore Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying, Come up to me and help me, that we may attack Gibeon, for it has made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.” Therefore the five kings of the Amoritesthe king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachishand the king of Eglon, gathered together and went up, they and all their armies, and camped before Gibeon and made war against it. And the men of Gibeon sent to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, saying, “Do not forsake your servants; come up to us quickly, save us and help us, for all the kings of the Amorites who dwell in the mountains have gathered together against us.”

This Biblical record begins in verse 1 by recounting how “Joshua had taken Ai and had utterly destroyed it—as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king—and
how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them.” This is in general agreement with Courville’s redating of the conventional chronology, to a time when Joshua was conquering the cities of Jericho, and Ai, as we find in the following reference from Courville.

XII. “Other Peoples Migrated out of Palestine at the End of Early Bronze age, in line with Scripture, as it was not alone the Hittites who were to be displaced by the incoming Israelites. If the proposed redating of the Conquest is correct, then there should be evidence of the settlement of other peoples in areas outside Palestine that previously had resided within this territory. The Phoenicians who settled along the northern coast of the Mediterranean refer to themselves as the Canaanites, [60] people also displaced from Palestine by the Israelites. The Mitannians appear to be a remnant of one branch of the Hurrians who similarly dwelt in Palestine previously. [61] The Amorites were in the Palestine area from the time of Abraham. They were displaced at the time of the Conquest, and appear in the area north of Palestine as the Amurru, a name associated with the Amorites. [62]
A consistent picture results from the recognition that Early Bronze represents the era just prior to the conquest of Joshua and the following transition period is that of the Conquest itself.”  [p. 98 THE EXODUS PROBLEM.] 4

As this Biblical record agrees with Courville’s redating of Joshua’s Conquest at the End of Early Bronze age, confirmed by the displacement of the men of JerichoAi, and the Amorites, many other thorny historical problems associated with the Conventional Chronology find solutions also.

Joshua 10:7-11 
So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valorAnd the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not fear them, for I have delivered them into your handnot a man of them shall stand before you.” 9 Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly, having marched all night from Gilgal. 10 So the Lord routed them before Israel, killed them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, chased them along the road that goes to Beth Horon,
and struck them down as far as Azekeh and Makkedah.
 11 And it happened, as they fled before Israel and were on the descent of Beth Horon, that the Lord cast down large hail-stones from heaven on them as far as Azekah, and they diedThere were more who died from the hailstones than the children of Israel killed with the sword.  

This was a singular battle in world military history because as verse 11 above recounts; it was  the Lord who cast down large hailstones from heaven on the fleeing Amorites. The Lord of Hosts was fighting from Heaven for Israel against their enemies in Palestine, and the large hail-stones God sent raining down in a meteor shower on them, killed more of the enemy than the Israelites themselves. This harmonizes with Josh. 10:8 above, which says “I [God] have delivered them into your hand,” but this miracle, that recalls the signs from heaven akin to the destruction of Sodom and Gommorah, [Gen. 18:17-32] to a lesser degree, was only an astronomical foretaste of what was in store for these enemies of God’s people.

Joshua 10:12-15 12 Then Joshua spoke to the Lord in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of IsraelSun, stand still over GibeonAnd Moon, in the Valley of Aijalon.” 13 So the sun stood stillAnd the moon stoppedTill the people had revenge upon their enemiesIs this not written in the Book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day14 And there has been no day like that, before it or after it, that the Lord heeded the voice of a man; for the Lord fought for Israel15 Then Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to the camp at Gilgal.

The locations of Gibeon, Beth Horon and the Valley of AijalonAzekah and Makkedah as Joshua pursued the Amorites, are shown in figure 1. 5

Map of ancient Canaan showing the route taken by the Israelites, starting at Gilgal, according to Joshua 10:9–10.

This Map of ancient Canaan shows the route taken by the Israelites, starting at Gilgal, then to the great slaughter @ Gibeon, to pursue them unto Beth Horon, where the large hail-stones started falling, then Aijalon over which the Moon stood, [Josh. 10:12], then unto Azekah and Makkedah according to Joshua 10:9–11. The book of Joshua continues in the Old Testament, after an all-night march from Gilgal, the Israelites attacked the Amorites at Gibeon, and then pursued them to Azekah and then to Makkedah (fig. 1). As evidence from historical geography shows the locations of these sites: Gibeon was about 10 km northwest of Jerusalem, Azekah about 30 km southwest of Gibeon, and Makkedah about 20 km south of Azekah. 6

Prior research into this topic by Humphreys and Waddington aids the conventional chronology of astronomy, with related data in the fields of Egyptology and Hebrew studiesSo how did these two physicists proceed in their research regarding an event that’s only obliquely referred to in an ancient Bible text? Their multidisciplinary task according to them, required a foray into ancient Hebrew, a rethinking of Egypt’s royal history, and some complex calculations about the Earth’s rotation. Their inquiry began with the translation of the Hebrew word dôm,” from Joshua 10. In English versions of the Bible, it’s usually translated as “stopped,” as in the sunstopped moving.” When discussing the word with Alan Millard, a professor of Hebrew and ancient Semitic languages, Humphreys pondered whether it could actually mean the sun stopped shining”—that may suggest an eclipse. In order to date the eclipse, the Cambridge researchers included a new eclipse code” which examined variations in the Earth’s rotation over time. 7

Earlier researchers also only looked at total eclipses, failing to consider that the text may refer to an annular eclipse, in which the moon passes directly in front of the sun, but is too far away to cover the disc completely, they said. From their calculations, the Cambridge researchers found that the only annular eclipse visible from Canaan between 1500 and 1050 BC was on Oct. 30, 1207 BC, in the afternoon.

Historical evidence from the Merneptah Stele, a text from the reign of the Pharaoh Merneptah, shows that the Israelites were in Canaan between 1500 and 1050 BC. This large granite block held in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo says that it was carved in the 5th year of Merneptah’s reign and mentions a campaign in Canaan in which he defeated the people of Israel. If correct, it enables academics to date the reigns of Ramesses the Great and his son Merneptah, to within a year.

Figure 2. The Merneptah Stele. 

The Merneptah Stele (ca. 1208 BC) is a 10-foot tall, granite victory monument, which names Israel as a nation in Canaan.

The most famous, and arguably the most important discovery related to Moses and the Exodus is the Merneptah Stele. In ca. 1208 B.C. Pharaoh Merneptah erected a 10-foot tall victory monument (called a stele) in a temple at Thebes to boast of his claims of victory in both Libya and Canaan. It was discovered in 1896 by Sir Flinders Petrie. On it, Merneptah boasts, “Israel is wasted, its seed is not; And Hurru (Canaan) is become a widow because of Egypt.”9

Most scholars agree that this is the oldest definitive reference to Israel as a nation outside of the Bible, and certainly the clearest Egyptian reference to Israel. It is also important because it points towards an early date for the Exodus (ca. 1446 B.C. agreeing with Courville) and not the late date that some scholars hold to (ca. 1270 B.C.). It is doubtful that there would be enough time from 1270 B.C. to 1208 B.C. to account for the Exodus, the 40 years of wandering in the desert, the seven-year conquest of Canaan, the settlement of the tribes in their territories, and the establishment of a national presence in the land, all before Merneptah claims to have conquered them. Merneptah’s Canaanite campaign instead likely dates to the time of the Judges, when the nation of Israel was already settled in Canaan. The Merneptah Stele is evidence that the Exodus from Egypt, led by Moses, took place in the 15th century BC, as the biblical data indicates. 10

The later dates from mainstream Egyptologists for the reign of Ramesses II are c. 1279–1213 BC, with his son Merneptah reigning from c. 1213–1203 BC (Shaw 2003Horning et al. 2006Kitchen 2013). These dates are subject to some uncertainty, with the latest possible dates for Ramesses II being 1270–1204 BC, and for Merneptah 1204–1194 BC (Kitchen 2013). Some other researchers, most notably Rohl (1995), have proposed an alternative chronology for ancient Egypt in which these dates are advanced by several hundred years. Their “New Chronology” has achieved widespread publicity alongside widespread criticism from mainstream Egyptologists. In this “New Chronology,” the 5th year of Merneptah is 867 BC. 11

Changes to Egyptian history that Humphreys suggests pertain to the ruling period of each pharaoh, including Merneptah, during whose reign the Merneptah Stele was carved. Merneptah was the son of Rameses the Great, one of Egypt’s most famous pharaohs, and there’s been considerable debate over the years about when Rameses was in power. With the combination of a date from the solar eclipse, and the carving of the Stele, Humphreys and Waddington have proposed years for the pharaohs’ reigns that narrow their reigns down to plus or minus one year. They argue Rameses the Great ruled from 1276 to 1210 BC, while Merneptah was in power from 1210 to 1200 BC.

Prof. Humphreys added: “Solar eclipses are often used as a fixed point to date events in the ancient worldEclipses have also shaped human events, says Duncan Steel, author of Eclipse: The Celestial Phenomenon That Changed the Course of History. “Historically, they have been pivotal in deciding battles,” including the 585 BC eclipse that stopped a battle between the Medes and the Lydians. The Greek philosopher Thales had predicted the eclipse, and when darkness did fall, the warring sides viewed it as an omen and hurried to come to a peaceful agreement. 12

The Bible puts the Israelites in Canaan from the beginning of the Conquest through the destruction of the Temple in about 586-5 BC, so this gives a span of many centuries for a potential conflict between Egypt and Israel. Why choose the first year of that span as the date, when Merneptah’s reference on the stele must have occurred? A primary reason to link Merneptah’s stele with Israel’s conquest of Canaan seems to be first based on tradition, that the Exodus occurred during the reign of Ramesses II. Second, that the Merneptah Stele is the consensus among Egyptologists and historians as the oldest reference to Israel in the history of ancient Egypt, providing an anchor point for their thesis, with this eclipse linked to it. Thus the conclusions of their research are grounded, assuming the conquest happened congruently with Merneptah, as proof that Merneptah reigned during the time of the conquest in 1207 BC, near the possible Joshua eclipse date of the same year. Also if the idea of an exclusive annular eclipse is correct, as the only eclipse candidate to suffice in the situation, eliminating the possibility of other partial eclipses, it would seemingly strengthen their position.

Previous claims of the earliest recorded eclipse include images carved into stone cairns at Loughcrew in Co Meath, Ireland, over 5,000 years ago, while Greek astronomer Ptolemy claimed that the first recorded eclipse was observed by the Babylonians in March 721 BC. The results are published in the Royal Astronomical Society Journal of Astronomy & Geophysics. 13

Were Humphrey’s & Waddington the first to propose an eclipse interpretation for Joshua’s Long Day? In fact, another linguist named Robert Wilson came to the same conclusion of an eclipse interpretation of Joshua 10, nearly 100 years earlier. And while previous scientists had attempted to find solar eclipses for that period and failed, they’d never thought to look for an annular eclipse, which occurs when the moon only partially covers the sun, leaving a ring of light visible at the edges. “That convinced me that ‘eclipse’ was the right translation,” Humphreys says.

Humphreys looked to the giant stone inscription on the Merneptah Stele, as corroboration that the Israelites really were in Canaan during the time of a supposed eclipse. He referenced the Egyptian text believed to be the earliest textual reference to Israel, specifically its final few lines of hieroglyphics that refer to a battle with the Israelites in Canaan, correlated to the Old Testament.

If these words are describing a real observation, then a major astronomical event was being reported (“There has been no day like it, before or since”, Joshua 10:14), but what does the text mean? The Hebrew word dôm means to be silent, dumb or still. The term amad is a broader word meaning to stop or stand. Modern English translations of this passage, such as the NRSV quoted above, have all followed the King James Authorized Version (of 1611), and assumed that the Hebrew text means the Sun and Moon stopped moving. However, a plausible alternative meaning is that the Sun and Moon stopped doing what they normally do: they stopped shining. In other words, the text is referring to a solar eclipsewhen the Sun stops shining. As a solar eclipse can only occur with the Moon directly between the Earth and the Sun, the Moon itself is not visible and so it is not reflecting sunlight to the Earthlike the Sun, it has “stopped shining” as well. 14

As the first person to suggest that Joshua 10:12–14 was referring to a solar eclipse, the linguist Robert Wilson (1918), who over 100 years ago gave the following translation:

Be eclipsed, O sun, in Gibeon, And the moon in the valley of Aijalon! And the sun was eclipsed and the moon turned back, while the nation was avenged on its enemies.

Wilson claimed that in Babylonian cuneiform texts there are words with the same root as the Hebrew dôm that are used in Babylonian astronomical tablets in connection with eclipses, meaning “to be dark”. However, at that time, 100 years ago, it was not deemed possible to investigate this further because of the laborious nature of the calculations required15 (Russell 1918).

As we check the Hebrew words used in Joshua 10:1213, from the same Hebrew root as dôm, they  generally agree with the Babylonian meaningto be dark.” The related Hebrew words included from Strong’s Concordance [H1820, H1826 and H1724]. H1820– “damah= to cease, rest, silenced, be quiet, make an end, destroyed, laid waste, desolate, cut off, to perish.” The Hebrew verb refers to violent ends, seen in Isa. 15:1, Jer. 14:17, Hos. 4:56. All 3 of these references include the word “night [H3915] with the darkness linked to it, as in Gen. 1:5 where God divided the day from the night, and Gen. 1:14, where the heavenly lights of the firmament divide the day from the night, for signs, seasons, days and years. See also [Ps. 19:2, Ex. 13:21-22]. Solar and Lunar eclipses surely qualify as key heavenly signs, in the Creator’s celestial order, so this favors a Scriptural view of an eclipse interpretation for Josh. 10:12-1416

Sawyer (1972) followed up the suggestion of Wilson (1918) that Joshua 10:12–14 refers to a solar eclipse and considered the dates of all total solar eclipses visible from Gibeon between 1500 and 1050 BC (giving generous limits to the possible dates of the entry of Joshua into Canaan). He found that there were only two such eclipses, on 19 Aug. 1157 BC and on 30 Sept. 1131 BC. However, both these dates are significantly later than the latest date that Humphreys and Waddington calculations allow for Joshua to have entered Canaan, as the latest possible date for the fifth year of Merneptah, 1200/ 1199 BC, using the Merneptah Stele as their anchor for this claimHistorians and Bible scholars in agreement with their calculations have therefore, to date ruled out a solar eclipse interpretation of Joshua 10:12–14. 17 

However, as we will see below, there are other eclipses visible from Gibeon between 1500 and 1050 BC, within these “generous limits” for the possible dates of the entry of Joshua into Canaan, but much earlier, c1400 BC than 1207 BC, which we will discuss presently.

People in the ancient world did not distinguish between total and annular solar eclipses. It is not until as late as 1292AD, that we find a separate expression in the Chinese eclipse records to describe an annular eclipse; both of the annular eclipses of 7 August 198 BC and 27 July AD 306, were recorded by the Chinese as being total. Thus they revisited the solar eclipse interpretation of Josh. 10:1214 to see if there was an annular eclipse visible in the same time frame as was used by Sawyer. [18]

The calculations of the Cambridge researchers found the only annular eclipse visible from Gibeon between 1500 and 1050 BC (using the same limits to the possible dates of entry of Joshua into Canaan as did Sawyer [1972]) was on 30 October 1207 BC, in the afternoon. The calculated track of the annular eclipse of 30 October 1207 BC is shown below in figure 2, which passed directly over the land of Canaan. 19

Figure 2. The path of the Annular Solar Eclipse of 30 October 1207 BC. 20

The path of the annular solar eclipse of 30 October 1207 BC, over-shadowed the land of Canaan in the afternoon. The shadow left the Earth’s surface at sunset over modern-day Iraq. The map is centered on Azekah, which is marked by a circle. 21

Solar eclipse of 1207 BC

 Because the eclipse occurred in the afternoon, it was probably seen from near Azekah, from where the annular eclipse would have started at 15:27 (local apparent time as given by a sundial), with annularity occurring between 16:48 and 16:53. The Sun would still have been partially eclipsed at sunset, which occurred at 17:38. During annularity, 86% of the solar disc’s area was covered by the Moon. 22

An interesting feature of the Joshua text is the observation that not only did the Sun stop (shining) but the Moon also stopped (shining). As the Moon is in conjunction at the time of a solar eclipse it is effectively absent from the sky for a couple of days (it has “stopped shining”). As the Israelites used an observationally based lunar calendar they would have been well aware of this monthly period of lunar invisibility and so could have timed their surprise night-time attack at Gibeon to take advantage of the lack of natural night-time illumination at this time.

After reporting that the Sun stopped (shining), the book of Joshua states further that “The Sun did not hurry to set for about a whole day” (Joshua 10:13, NRSV), which has given rise to the term “Joshua’s Long Day.” What did the writer mean? Figure 3 shows the level of illumination on the ground at Azekah during the annular eclipse and Figure 4 shows the appearance of the Sun as viewed from Azekah at three-minute intervals. 23

Figure 3. The level of illumination on the ground at Azekah during the annular eclipse of 30 October 1207 BC, as a function of the local apparent time as given by a sundial. The thin line shows the normal illumination in the absence of an eclipse. The red line gives the illumination during the eclipse, showing the double-dusk effect. 24

Figure 4. The appearance of the Sun viewed from Azekah on 30 October 1207 BC, at three-minute intervals. The Sun was still partially eclipsed at sunset. 25

All ancient civilizations would have been accustomed to the Sun going down in the afternoon, leading to daylight turning into dusk, and then turning into night. However, on this occasion, in the afternoon the light from the Sun on Canaan started decreasing from its normal level at about 15:30 until at about 16:50, it was approximately ten times less intense than normal, and dusk set in (notice that figure 3 is plotted on a logarithmic scale to match the approximate response of the human visual system). However, by around 17:10 the level of illumination would have been somewhat restored before dusk fell againand then the Sun finally set at about 17:38. What the Israelites would have witnessed was a double dusk. 26

In attempting to describe this double dusk it is only natural that the Israelites would have done so in terms of their normal experience of the diurnal cycle. Although aware that on this occasion the time interval between the two dusks was less than the normal day, the book of Joshua records “about a whole day” (NRSV) for this period of time. In fact, the Hebrew text here is “like a whole day”, the preposition like also means as, and so the phrase can mean “as on a whole day” (Millard, private communication). 27

The appearance of the annular eclipse of 30 Oct. 1207 BC we are considering is shown in figure 4. Both before and after annularity, the eclipse takes on the appearance of a crescent, mimicking the form [crescent] of the Moon around both the end and beginning of a lunar month.

What Humphrey’s and Waddington have failed to mention in their proposed annular eclipse of Oct. 1207 BC, as seen in Figure 4 above, is that their thesis rests upon the exclusivity of an annular eclipse, separate from a solar eclipse. However, with annularity occurring only between 16:48 and 16:53 pm, briefly for 5 min, the rest of this event falls into the category of a Partial Lunar eclipse, as the Crescent Moon covers increasing parts of the Sun for 81 min. leading up to annularity from the eastafter which the Moon uncovers the Sun for 45 added minutes till dusk, as the Sun would still have been partially eclipsed at sunset, which occurred at 17:38. So for the entire eclipse period of 131 minutes duration of this annular solar eclipse, it was a Partial Lunar eclipse for 126 minutes.

The article by Humphreys and Waddington prompted rabbinic scholar Eli Gurevich to contact David Rohl with this idea of a partial eclipse fitting the requirements just as much as an annular eclipse. He referenced the NASA eclipse tables, which show partial eclipses typically crossing Canaan several times in every decade. Remarkably, a total eclipse passed just north of Canaan on July 141405 BC
(one year needs to be added to the NASA numbers to arrive at the correct BC date). This lines up perfectly with a common early date proposed for the Exodus of 1446 BC, with the Conquest starting in 1405 BC. 28

Figure 5. Total Solar Eclipse North of Canaan on July 14th, 1405. 29

The solar eclipse of 1405 BC with the blue band showing the zone of totality. 

A Total Solar Eclipse most likely is better suited to fit the Biblical context of Joshua 10, more than an annular eclipse because the darkness experienced in a total solar eclipse is greater than the annular eclipse, especially if both the Sun and Moon stood still during totality. This would have increased the shock and awe on the Amorites, not only making them easier prey for the attacking Israelites, but also agreeing with details of the Biblical text. In the comparison of the Hebrew text with the Babylonian cuneiform above, we looked at the Hebrew word H1820damah, a prime root for the related Hebrew word H1826damam, meaning to be dumb, astonished, put to silence, or to stop, stand still. If the eclipse stood still, stopping in its tracks during totality, the Israelites were allotted the extra time needed to complete the destruction of the Amorites, that Joshua had prayed for [Josh. 10:12] during this Long Day. 30

According to some critics, Humphrey’s and Waddington paper is a watered-down analysis of the Biblical account that is a consistent pattern for Colin Humphreys. He wrote a book on the Exodus that attempts to explain its occurrences as having been fulfilled by natural events rather than outright miracles, that he seems to discount here. Critics also call into question, how and why the paper Humphrey’s published in October 2017 with W. Graeme Waddington, is practically identical to, but did not credit a January 2017 published work by three Israelis: physicist Ḥezi Yitzḥak, Bible scholar Daniel Weinstaub, and archeologist Uzi Avner, in  Hebrew journal Beyt Mikra requires further clarification. Despite the fact that this Israeli journal is in Hebrew, does Humphreys claim independent inspiration for his thesis? 31

Critics also point out an even bigger problem, that Joshua’s long day couldn’t possibly have taken place in 1207 BC, according to the biblical account, since 1 Kings 6:1 states that building the First Temple began 480 years after the Exodus. It is evident that Joshua’s battle occurred soon after the 40 years of the Exodus. Advancing the date of 1207 BC, an additional 440 years into the future puts the building of the First Temple at 767 BC, which is 200 yrs after the traditionally accepted date of 970 BC. Historians have encountered difficulties in accounting for the detailed Biblical history of Israel in Canaan, listing each Judge and King, with the lack of time to compress every event in the books of Joshua, JudgesRuth, and Samuel to fit between the 237 odd years from 1207 BC to 970 BC.

Added reasons to question the designation of the eclipse of 1207 BC as the only candidate to date the conquest, are the 20 factors from archaeology and the Bible that demonstrate that Ramesses II just does not fit with as the pharaoh of the Exodus. Some of these are highlighted in the documentary film and more are found in the book, both with the title Patterns of Evidence: The Exodus. The Biblical example from I Kings 6:1 above, also includes the fact that 1 Kings 6:1 has the Exodus occurring in the 480th year before Solomon began building the Temple, which puts it in the 1400s BC not the 1200s. Many attempt to dismiss this verse as merely being figurative of an abbreviated period, but a reference from Jephthah, of Israel’s judgessupports a more literal interpretation of the 1 Kings 6:1 chronology. It puts Israel already in the land for 300 years, long before the time that the House of David ascended to the throne and began to reign. 32

“While Israel lived 300 years in Heshbon and its villages, in Aroer and its villages, and in all the cities that are on the banks of the Arnon, why didn’t you take them back at that time?”

– Judges 11:26 (ESV)

Speaking of this history, Courville says “the critical area of the structure is that from Jephthah to Saul. Jephthah stated that 300 years had elapsed from the conquest of Heshbon under Joshua to his own day. 25 Since the figure is a round number, it is evident that the figure was intended to be only approximate. It is here assumed that the actual period was closer to 290 years and this figure is here used in setting up the tentative chronology of [Figure 1]. On the late end of the 480-year period, we must allow 3 years in the reign of Solomon, 40 years for David, and 40 years for Saul. With the 40 years between the Exodus and the Conquest, 413 of the 480 years are accounted for. This leaves 67 years for the period from the victory over the Ammonites by Jephthah to the reign of Saul.” 33

In a new publication by Egyptologists and Biblical scholars Manfred Görg, Peter van der Veen and Christoffer Theis suggest that there may be an even earlier reference to Israel in Egyptian records. Manfred Görg discovered a broken statue pedestal containing hieroglyphic name-rings in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin and, after studying it with colleagues Peter van der Veen and Christoffer Theis, they suggest that one of the name-rings should be read as “Israel.” Not all scholars agree with their reading because of slight differences in spelling, but Görg, van der Veen and Theis offer strong arguments, including supportive parallels in the Merneptah Stele itself. This newly rediscovered inscription is dated to around 1400 B.C.—about 200 years earlier than the Merneptah Stele. If Görg, van der Veen and Theis are right, their discovery will shed important light on the beginnings of ancient Israel. 34

Figure 6. The Berlin Pedestal. 35

Berlin Pedestal

The Berlin Pedestal from the Egyptian Museum in Berlin. It has three name rings; the one on the far right has been reconstructed to read, “Ishrael.” Photo: Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain. Reconstructed Drawing: Peter van der Veen, Christoffer Theis, and Manfred Gorg, “Israel in Canaan (Long) Before Pharaoh Merenptah? A Fresh Look at Berlin Statue Pedestal Relief 21687.” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections, 2.4 (2010), 21.

The Berlin Pedestal is an Egyptian inscription housed in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin that almost certainly refers to Israel as a nation in Canaan. The inscription has three name rings, two of which clearly read “Ashkelon” and “Canaan,” and a third that has been reconstructed to read, “Ishrael.”43  In a recent re-examination of the inscription, Peter van der Veen, Christoffer Theis, and Manfred Gorg noted that names Ashkelon and Canaan largely were written consonantally and better reflecting examples from the reigns of Tuthmosis III and Amenhotep II (15th cent. BC), than those from the times of Rameses II and Merenptah (13th cent. BC).44 While the inscription reads “Ishrael” instead of “Israel,” there is no other candidate near Canaan and Ashkelon, other than biblical Israel. It may be that the “sh” spelling is an older way Egyptians spelled Israel, or perhaps borrowed from the cuneiform version.45 If this interpretation is correct, it would indicate that the Israelites had migrated to Canaan sometime in the middle of the second millennium BC,46 exactly at the time the Bible says they did.

Figure 7. Granodiorite head of the 19th Dynasty pharaoh, Amenhotep. 36

Evidence for Amenhotep II as the Pharaoh of the Exodus

This granodiorite head of the 19th Dynasty pharaoh, Amenhotep, was once part of a sphinx. It is currently housed in the State Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich, Germany. Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0

Numerous scholars have identified Amenhotep II as the Pharaoh of the Exodus31; he was reigning in 1446 BC when the Israelites left Egypt. Amenhotep II is known to have spent considerable time in the delta region, likely in the 18th-Dynasty palace at Avaris where he would have met with Moses. According to Egyptologist, Charles Aling, Amenhotep II was born and raised in this area [the Nile delta region], built there, had estates there, and in all probability resided there at times, at least in his early regonal years.”32 Interestingly, (and in keeping with the 10th plague – the death of the first-born), Amenhotep II was not the firstborn son of his predecessor, Thutmose III, nor was his successor, Thutmose IV his firstborn son, as implied by the Dream Stele on the Great Sphinx.33 

Another piece of evidence for identifying Amenhotep II as the pharaoh of the Exodus is found by comparing the military campaigns of Amenhotep II and those of his father. While Thutmose III led 17 known military campaigns into the Levant, Amenhotep II led only two or three.34

 Thutmose III boasted of having taken 5903 captives on his first campaign, while Amenhotep II claims to have taken 2214 captives on his first. However, Amenhotep II’s final campaign in the ninth year of his reign (ca. 1446 BC) appears to have been a hasty and limited excursion into Palestine to take 101,128 captives. One plausible explanation for this campaign and its dramatic number of captives is that he was seeking to replace a large portion of his slave labor base that had just left Egypt. Moreover, Amenhotep II never took another campaign into Canaan, and the 18th dynasty began to decline in power. 37

In fact, there is strong evidence that the Bible shows the Judges period covered many centuries (not the 150 years allotted by the Ramesses Exodus Theory), that dictates the Exodus be pushed out 2 centuries before a 1207 BC dating of the Conquest. Additionally, The Bible has Moses being born around the time of the building of the city Rameses (Exodus chap. 1), which is the main basis of the Ramesses Exodus Theory. But the conquest happens 120 years later, after Moses’ death. For a 1207 BC Conquest that would mean the city of Ramesses was being built around 1327 BC, 27 years before Ramesses was born in Humphreys’ system. The Bible says in two places that the pharaoh who sought Moses’ life (40 years after Moses’ birth) died before the Exodus (when Moses was 80). Therefore the builder of the store city of Rameses could not possibly also be the pharaoh of the Exodus. 38

Now in Midian the Lord told Moses, “Return to Egypt, for all the men who wanted to kill you are dead.”

– Exodus 4:19 (ESV)

Then there is the archaeological evidence that shows no sign of massive numbers of Semites in Goshen during his reign, no sign of a collapse of Egypt as would be expected at the time of Exodus, and no pattern matching the Conquest of Canaan after his reign. That is why mainstream scholars are so skeptical of the Exodus account. These are just a few of the evidences that show that Ramesses was not the pharaoh of the Exodus and that Merneptah was not the pharaoh at the time of the conquest. When does the conquest account speak of a confrontation with Egypt anyway? For the Humphreys model to be factual, Egypt would have to have defeated Israel at a time when the Bible has the Israelites conquering city after city on their way to controlling most of Canaan. Nothing in this scenario adds up. 39

It is plausible that the Book of Joshua was describing a solar eclipse, but even if one agrees, there is no reason to confine this event to an annular eclipse strictly in 1207 BC. It has been shown that other total or partial eclipses over Canaan in the 1400s BC fit these data just as well, matching the Bible’s own context and timeline much better. Furthermore, evidence of an eclipse in Canaan in 1207 BC (whether or not it is related to the Israelites’ Conquest) gives no reason to connect that event to the reign of Merneptah, who in no other way (except by tradition) is connected to the Exodus or Conquest time period.

As Habakkuk memorably recounts the language of Joshua 10:12-13

Habakkuk 3:8-15

8 Were you angry with the rivers, LordWas your wrath against the streams?
Did you rage against the sea when you rode your horses and your chariots to victory?
You uncovered your bow, you called for many arrowsYou split the earth with rivers;
10  the mountains saw you and writhed. Torrents of water swept by; the deep roared and lifted its waves on high.
11 Sun and moon stood still in the heavens at the glint of your flying arrows,
    at the lightning of your flashing spear.
12 In wrath you strode through the earth and in anger you threshed the nations.
13 You came out to deliver your peopleto save your anointed one.
You crushed the leader of the land of wickednessyou stripped him from head to foot.
14 With his own spear you pierced his head when his warriors stormed out to scatter us,
gloating as though about to devour the wretched who were in hiding.
15 You trampled the sea with your horses, churning the great waters.


This month’s blog study favors an eclipse interpretation of Joshua 10:10-13, with the best candidate  being the Total Solar Eclipse North of Canaan on July 14th, 1405, for the extended celestial sign of Joshua’s Long Day. This shows the lengths the Heavenly Father went to, in answer to Joshua’s prayer when he spoke to the Lord, in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel. Joshua had the great example of Moses to follow, from the Believer’s Hall of Fame in Heb. 11:23-30. As Jon Nessle has encouraged us, we would do well to follow Moses example by working and believing his acts of faith. What will God do for you?!! 

If God be for you, who can be against you?

Agape’

Rene’


Footnotes

1. THE EXODUS PROBLEM and its Ramifications p. 113-114, Donovan Courville.
2. IBID, p. 121.
3. IBID, p.
4. IBID, p. 98
5. Colin Humphreys, Graeme Waddington, Astronomy & Geophysics, Volume 58, Issue 5, October 2017, Pages 5.39–5.42, https://doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atx178
6. (Notley & Rainey, 2014)
7. 
Colin Humphreys and Graeme Waddington. ‘Solar eclipse of 1207 BC helps to date pharaohs.’ Astronomy & Geophysics (2017). DOI: 10.1093/astrogeo/atx178.
8. Photo: Todd Bolen, BiblePlaces.com https://www.bibleplaces.com/2014/01/artifact-of-month-merneptah-stela/
Patterns of Evidence. [Picture credit]
9.
Digging for Truth.
10. Patterns of Evidence
11Kitchen 2013, Rohl 1995.
12Colin Humphreys and Graeme Waddington. ‘Solar eclipse of 1207 BC helps to date pharaohs.’ Astronomy & Geophysics (2017). DOI: 10.1093/astrogeo/atx178.
13. IBID
14. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/oldest-recorded-solar-eclipse-helps-date-the-egyptian-pharaohs.
15. IBID
16Strong’s Concordance [H1820], James Strong.
17. Sawyer (1972), (Walton 1994).
18. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/oldest-recorded-solar-eclipse-helps-date-the-egyptian-pharaohs.
19. IBID
20. IBID, Figure 2. picture credit.
21. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/oldest-recorded-solar-eclipse-helps-date-the-egyptian-pharaohs.
22. IBID
23. IBID
24. IBID, Figure 3. picture credit.
25. IBID, Figure 4. picture credit.
26. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/oldest-recorded-solar-eclipse-helps-date-the-egyptian-pharaohs.
27. IBID,
28. https://www.patternsofevidence.com/2017/11/10/is-this-solar-eclipse-really-joshuas-miracle/
29. IBID, Figure 5 Picture Credit, (courtesy of the NASA website)
30Strong’s Concordance [H1826], James Strong.
31.  Patterns of Evidence: The Exodus
32. IBID, https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/does-the-merneptah-stele-contain-the-first-mention-of-israel/
33. THE EXODUS PROBLEM and its Ramifications p. 12, Donovan Courville.
34. https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/does-the-merneptah-stele-contain-the-first-mention-of-israel/
35. Figure 6, picture credit. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections, 2.4 (2010), 21.
36. Figure 7 picture credit, Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0
37. https://biblearchaeologyreport.com/2021/09/24/top-ten-discoveries-related-to-moses-and-the-exodus/
38. IBID
39. IBID

Comments on Facebook

To those of you interested in commenting on this post please go to our Facebook Group Page 

https://www.facebook.com/groups/bibleastronomy

Comments Off on The Biblical Astronomy of the Miracle of Joshua’s Long Day