The 19-Year Metonic and the Convergence of Matching Luni-Solar Eclipse Tetrads

The 19-Year Metonic and the Convergence of Matching Luni-Solar Eclipse Tetrads.

Welcome to the June 2025 Blog Everyone! Happy Independence Day! In the special month of June, we recognize our 11-Year Anniversary of this Biblical Astronomy Research Blog. However, it’s even more special that we can rejoice in the God given Freedom to celebrate our upcoming National Anniversary, as we were able to enjoy the 250th year of the US Army, which was organized before we ever became a nation. We are a young nation compared to certain others but we have plenty to be thankful for with the freedoms we enjoy in our nation, though we must stay vigilant to continue enjoying our freedom, which is not free! There are always threats from those who would steal our freedoms, and we must stay faithful watchmen to keep our freedoms safe! This begins with each US Citizen, and as Christians we are first and foremost Citizens of Heaven, which is the true source of our freedom we have from the Heavenly Father, not the Government! As Scripture says; 

1 Peter 5:8, Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour: 

Our Spiritual Enemy is a personal adversary, meaning he is aware of our individual strengths and weakness and has designed his attack strategies against us accordingly. But God’s Promises are so much bigger, as He has promised to always make a way of escape from the snares of the devil, and as we stay vigilant we can avoid them and their consequences.

As I Cor. 10:13 says;
“¹³ There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, Who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it.” ¹⁴ Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry.

The enemy tempts us to try to entangle us in sin for evil, while God only proves us good and worthy of His calling. In the context of Biblical Astronomy a good way to apply the exhortation in I Cor. 13:14 to flee from idolatry is to avoid all forms of astrology, like countless ancient cultures worshipped the stars in the sky putting their pantheons of gods ahead of our heavenly Father-God, as He alone sits on His Throne. Nothing or nobody else sits with God on His Throne! Even Jesus sits at God’s right Hand on his own Throne, not on God’s Throne, since Jesus is not and never was the only Omniscient, Omnipotent, & Omnipresent God!

In this month’s blog, our focus on Luni-Solar Eclipse cycles, starts with a 346.62-day eclipse year, as Moon, Earth and Sun realign on the ecliptic, in the same Lunar node . This involves the coordination of three different kinds of years:

Solar Year: The Earth’s orbital cycle around the sun. 365.242 days
Lunar Year: The Moon’s cycle to fulfill 12 Earth orbits. 354.3 days
Draconic Year: when earth, moon & sun align @ Lunar node on the ecliptic. 346.6 days

We should not focus on any one of these types of years, but look at a coordination of all 3. The Metonic Cycle period is almost exactly 19 years after when lunar phases repeat at the same time in the solar year. 235 lunar months=1 hour, 27 minutes & 33 seconds longer than 19 tropical years. In ancient Athens of 5 B.C. Meton worked out this cycle to be a whole number of 6,940 days. Using these whole numbers allows a clear view of the Creator’s inherent heavenly order in the Luni-Solar Eclipse Calendar.

Solar Year= 365.24 days. 365.24 x 19 = 6,939.6 days (every 19 years)
Synodic (Lunar)= 29.53 days. 29.53058868 x 235 = 6,939.68 days (every 235 months) That’s a difference of about only 2 hours, every 19 years! Also 19 Draconic Years = 6585 days, 18 hours, 44+ minutes. While 255 Draconic months (lunar nodes) = 6,939.11 days. 20.02 eclipse years (40 eclipse seasons) #1

The Draconic (Eclipse) calendar results from the alignment of the Moon in a lunar node about every 346 days, a cycle completely independent of the solar and lunar cycles, less than half a day difference every 19 years with the lunar and solar calendars! Also, 223 Synodic Months = 6585 days, 7 hours, 43+ mins.

Not only does the Sun appear the same size as the Moon in the sky, but these 3 different calendars all line up allowing for perfection in man’s observation of time and eclipses.

When these 3 annual cycles align, it forms a pattern where eclipses can be predicted, most clearly in a 19-year [6940+/- day] Metonic cycle. Thus, eclipses generally repeat about the same day of the year, every 19 years. In the Saros cycle of 223 Lunar months, or 18 years & 11 days, Eclipses are easier to predict. As the Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth spun the Sun, Moon & Stars in their cycles according to His Perfect & Omniscient timing, we find insightful wisdom and understanding of His order of Creation, as the ancient Jews did setting their holy days via the luni-solar calendar as the Father of Lights ordered Moses, [Gen. 1:14-19, Ex. 12:2, Num. 10:10]. The cycle of Luni-Solar eclipses also warns of impending judgment, since the crossing points of these eclipses across the US Heartland held our attention like few other celestial signs in recent history.

The enemy’s desire to prevent the Lord Jesus Christ’s 1st Coming, by Haman’s genocidal plot, foiled by Mordecai and the bravery of Queen Esther, saved the Jews by the Hand of God Almighty in their day, so today it remains a goal of terrorist groups like Hamas #2 and other foes with our spiritual adversary to inflict a maximum pain and destruction on Israel and Christianity. God’s righteous judgment is complete as the evil are exposed and dealt with via the perfect justice of our Heavenly Father.

The specifics of the Luni-Solar Cycle related to the repeating eclipses involves the special case of three Solar Eclipses that recently trisected the Continental US, as they relate to the Blood Moon Tetrad/Quintet of 2014-2016.

USA-Three solar eclipses in 7 years starting in 2017 – See the A? #3

It’s hard to find any nation in history as geographically trisected by Solar Eclipses as the USA is in a 2422-day span on 8-21-2017, 10-14-2023 & 4-8-2024, eclipses. “A“ is for Alpha, (Hebrew) Alef. This “A” consists of 3 lines; 2 X’s. The 8-2-2017 and 4-8-2024 eclipse dates in a 2024 Comparison Chart of Repeating Eclipses below, shows when the Hepton Total Eclipses fell, both on Monday’s. The 3/25/2024 Purim Blood Moon was the first of 3 Purim Eclipses in a row from 2024-2026.

Comparison Chart for Repeating Eclipse Tetrads in 2024 AD with 480 BC
Eclipse Date	AD	Sun/Moon	Eclipse Date	BC
3/25/2024	AD	Lunar	3/25/480	BC
4/08/2024	AD	Solar	4/09/480	BC
9/18/2024	AD	Lunar	9/18/480	BC
10/2/2024	AD	Solar	10/2/480	BC

 

Comparison Chart for Repeating Eclipse Tetrads in 2033 AD and 471 BC
Eclipse Date	AD	Sun/Moon	Eclipse Date	BC
3/30/2033	AD	Lunar	3/31/471	BC
4/14/2033	AD	Solar	4/14/471	BC
9/23/2033	AD	Lunar	9/23/471	BC
10/8/2033	AD	Solar	10/8/471	BC

As we consider the import of the Penumbral Lunar Eclipses in 2016, and the Purim Blood Moon, of March 2025, we uncover a relation to a 70 AD Blood Moon Tetrad marking the Roman’s destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. This shows a mark of God’s Judgment on Israel as seen in the history of the Sieges of Jerusalem, totaling 27 in number; [9×3] including 3-a number of divine completeness related to Judgment=9. This Siege of Jerusalem is the 20th such instance, in the history of Israel, this one carried out by forces under the Roman Titus in 70 AD, as the Temple was burnt in spite of Titus’ orders against it .#4

This summary from our Biblical Blood Moon Calendar post, shows the 70 AD Roman Temple Destruction as Jesus Prophesied, [Matt. 24:1-2]. I’ve added the 3 Consecutive Purim Eclipses, from 2024-2026, plus the 3/23/2016 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse that supplies the 5th Eclipse in a 2014-2016 Blood Moon Eclipse Quintet matching the Eclipse Quintet from 2024-2026! This is a most ancient example that I’ve found adhering to the pattern of an Eclipse Quintet, here including a 70 AD Blood Moon Tetrad followed by the 3/4/71 Purim Eclipse.

We find more evidence that a 70 AD Eclipse Quintet fits this pattern in 2033 AD/471 BC Matching Repeating Eclipses 2500+ years apart, to the month from 471 BC to 71 AD, When we add 4 sets of Repeating Matching Eclipse Charts above and below; 3/30/70 & 3/30/2033, 4/14/70 & 4/14/2033, 9/23/70 & 9/23/2033, 10/8/70 & 10/8/2033 bracketing a Rev. 12 sign, on 8/27/70, we find a relevant prophecy not only of this Rev. 12 sign at the birth of Christ on 9-11-3BC, but also with Virgo being crowned as Esther’s crown as Queen of Persia, put her in position to protect God’s people of Israel in Ancient Persia-as the wife of King Darius I, against the evil plots of Haman. 

Figure 4. Solar & Lunar Eclipses in 69-71 AD.    2016 Solar & Lunar Eclipses omitting Adar 2:

Partial Lunar       Sukkot            10/18/69

Total Solar            Nisan 1            3/30/70      Total Solar Eclipse 3/9/2016-Nisan 1

Penum Lunar       Passover        4/14/70      Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Passover  3/23/2016/               Nisan 14

Rev. 12 sign  [central sign]         8/27/70      and a Jupiter–Venus union!

Ann. Solar        Rosh Hash          9/23/70      Annular Solar Eclipse 9/3/2016/ Trumpets Feast 

Penum Lunar       Sukkot           10/08/70    Penumbral Lunar Eclipse 9/16/                                               Sukkot            9-16 to 9/23/16

Partial Lunar       Purim             3/4/71

Total Lunar          Purim             3/23/2016   Penumbral Lunar Eclipse

Total Lunar          Purim             3/24-25/24  Total Lunar Eclipse

Total Lunar          Purim             3/14-15/25  Total Lunar Eclipse

Total Lunar          Purim             3/2-3/2026  Total Lunar Eclipse

This gives us 5 Lunar Eclipses on the key Hebrew Purim Feast. This is no small matter as it follows the Blood Moon Tetrad of 2014-2015, giving us an initial modern Blood Moon Quintet of 2014-2016! Purim on Israel’s calendar also taking place prior to the Transit of Mercury, May 9th 2016, serving as a celestial bracket with the 2032 Mercury Transit, recalling Rev. 19:17–20:5 and the Angel Gabriel’s end-time mission. Added notes of interest for the Chart above refers to the Nisan 1-Total Solar Eclipse on 3/30/70, mirrored below in upcoming Blood Moon Eclipses also on 3/30/2033 reflected 2500+yrs before in Esther’s times, on 3/31/471 BC. Please see Comparison Charts for Repeating Eclipses from modern AD dates of 2024-2033 to 480-469 BC dates of Ancient Israel/Persia under King Darius I-Queen Esther.#5 A more inclusive set of Charts covering all dates along these lines is forth-coming soon.

Comparison Chart for Repeating Eclipse Tetrads
Eclipse Date	AD	Sun/Moon	Eclipse Date	BC
3/30/2033	AD	Lunar	3/31/471	BC
4/14/2033	AD	Solar	4/14/471	BC
9/23/2033	AD	Lunar	9/23/471	BC
10/8/2033	AD	Solar	10/8/471	BC

The 69-71 AD Blood Moon Tetrad marking the Roman’s destroying the Temple 542 years after the Repeating Matching Eclipses of Esther & Mordecai from 469-480 BC is reflected also in Solar and Lunar eclipses of 2014-2016, leading to a 2017 rewind of the Rev. 12:1-2 Great Wonder. Amazingly, another version  of this Rev. 12 Celestial Wonder took place on August 27th, in 70 AD, [Plate 1.] below, between a 4/14/70 Passover Lunar Eclipse, and a 9/23/70 Rosh Hashanah Solar Eclipse! The idea that this Rev. 12 sign shows amidst a 70 AD Blood Moon Tetrad followed by the 3/4/71 Purim Partial Lunar Eclipse, sets early precedent linking the Rev. 12 sign with a Jupiter-Venus union, in Leo’s hind paw, 72 yrs. after Christ’s 3 BC birth [seen in Plate 1. below] in context of Purim Lunar eclipses.

Plate 1. The Rev. 12 sign on August 27th, 70 AD: with a Jupiter–Venus union! #6

In our extended view of the Eclipse crossing over the USA- 3 Solar eclipses shape the first and last sky signs [Virgo & Leo] on the Ecliptic forming the Celestial Sphinx as the Alpha/Omega, or the Aleph/Tav characters over N. America, as seen above & below.

HEBREW IS READ RIGHT TO LEFT… ALEF AND THE TAV

Paleo-Hebrew was the script in which the Old Testament was written, not the modern script that is currently used (standardized c. 200 B.C.) On the left is a Tav–the last (22nd) Hebrew alphabet letter – essentially a cross or “X” in the graphic above. On the right is the Paleo-Hebrew Aleph–first letter of the alphabet. The Tav is written by the shadow of the Moon on both locations. The Aleph-(our Alpha- or letter A) is written by shadows of the 2017, 2023 and 2024 Luni-Solar Eclipses over the USA. #7

The Alpha and the Omega

Reading right to left, “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.” Rev. 22:13… viewing the Aleph (A) over the USA, mapped in last section, it forms a Cross as we find in Eclipses over the Middle East in 2027 and 2034. This provides a pattern of the Paleo-Hebrew Aleph–the first letters of the OT alphabet aligned with the eclipse shadows over the middle east, where Queen Esther and Mordecai defeated the Evil genocidal plot of the Serpent’s Seed-Haman, aligned with today’s current sky signs, opening with three consecutive Purim Eclipses in 2024-2026. We also find the Creator’s Hand marking the lands He promised to Abraham, in a much larger plot of real estate than seen in modern maps, that the UN allotted for Israel based on The Balfour Declaration.

Total Solar Tav over America-2017 and 2024

 Like a cross, it’s also a Tav, the last [22^nd] letter, in the original Hebrew Alphabet. It means truth. In the Greek alphabet, “X” is the symbol for the letter ‘chi. ‘Chi’ (or X) is the 1st letter in the Greek word for “Christ” that also embodies as the Word “Christ“, that explains both Christ’s title as “the Logos” [John 1], and also the holiday greeting “Happy Xmas.” In the early days of Christianity, believers used this letter X as a secret symbol to show their association in the Church to others. The above map illustrates the Total solar eclipses of 2017 and 2024 over America, both on Mondays, separated by a 2422-day span of (7-eclipse years).

The Mideast Eclipses of Aug. 2/2027 and Mar. 20/2034—see the “X” below.

[map from 1260d.com] #8

The key dates of this coming Middle-eastern Eclipse crossing-starting in about 2 years; on Aug. 2^nd 2027 and March 20^th, 2034, get our attention for a number of reasons. Not only are they a follow-up to the Eclipse Crossing over the US from 2017 to 2024, but as the author points out this eclipse crossing near the Giza Plateau, embodies the southern border of land promised to Abraham by God in Gen. 15:8, [see Ex. 6:1-8]. In our recent OT History class, Rev. Jon Nessle showed how the Jews have dwelt in this land of Israel starting with Abraham for over 1900+ years! This evident truth of Bible history will never be erased by holocaust denying terrorists. The Comparison Chart of matching Eclipses in 2027AD and 477BC below, depicts the matching Aug. 2nd eclipses in both 8/2/27 AD and 477 BC when Queen Esther & Mordecai turned Haman’s evil plot on himself in ancient Persia under King Darius I. This 27 AD Tetrad comes on the heels of the third consecutive Purim eclipse of 2024-2026.

Comparison Chart for Repeating Eclipse Tetrads 2027 AD with 477 BC
Eclipse Date AD	Source	Saros	Sun/Moon	Eclipse Date BC	Source	Saros
2/06/27	T&D	131	Ann. Solar	2/06/477	LBAT
2/20/27	NASA	143	Pen. Lunar	2/21/477	NASA	64
8/02/27	T&D	136	Total Solar	8/02/477	LBAT
8/17/27	NASA	148	Pen. Lunar	8/16/477	NASA	69

On Aug. 2nd, 2027 and March 20, 2034 Total Solar Eclipses will cross near the Valley of the Kings in Egypt…that will also be separated by a 2422-day span (7 Eclipse Years). Like the American Total Eclipses, both are Hepton Cycle eclipses occurring on Mondays. All four Eclipse Crossings are members of the same Hepton Cycle. This period of 27 AD to 34 AD contains all probable dates of the Historic Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. As Central events of Spiritual significance in Human History, God marked them out in His foreknowledge as He spun the cycles of the Sun, Moon and Stars in perfect sequence & time in primary mission focus of His only begotten Son, the long-prophesied Messiah of All Scripture, fulfilled and completed via the Word and Will of our Heavenly Father, whose spoken and Written Words never fall to the ground, but always succeed in their purposes assigned to them by the Almighty.

AMERICAN OMEGA–THE TOTAL ECLIPSES 

Monday Aug 21 2017

The USA divided in half on Aug. 21, 2017. Seven months and 1 day after Trump’s first inauguration. First day of the month of Elul, Hebrew year 5777. In Jewish tradition, the month of Elul is a time of repentance to prepare for the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. #9

Monday April 8 2024

2422 days later, the USA was divided South to North, along with Mexico and far eastern Canada. This occurs 8 days after Easter & 14 days before Passover. #7

The Middle-east eclipses occur on boundaries of this 2,000-year anniversary, but no solar eclipse can naturally occur on the exact day’s anniversary. Jesus was crucified at Passover (full moon). Solar Eclipses happen at New Moon. Total eclipses occur 7 eclipse years (draconic years -346.6 days) apart, both on Monday –Moon Day, in a span of 2422 days. They’re part of a unique series of eclipse groupings called a Hepton. 10#

In the Metonic Cycle [approx. 6940 days] there is an alignment of Solar, Lunar & Draconic Years. In this special alignment, Eclipses can repeat near the same day of the year every 19 years, although dates slightly vary as Saros cycles proceed. This is a key element of celestial timekeeping, seen in our Comparison Charts of Repeating Matching Eclipses. For example, we are currently in a time frame that began with a Total Solar Eclipse on March 20, 2015, ending with a Spring Equinox Total Solar Eclipse on March 20^th 2034.

THE GREAT 10-14-23-AMERICAN RING OF FIRE

Ring of Fire 2023

The Hepton Cycle is a pattern of 7 eclipses occurring within an almost 20 solar year period (a 21 eclipse year period) –each eclipse occurs on the same day of the week (the current week-day is Monday). It coordinates 41 lunar months &  7 eclipse years. #11

Hepton eclipses are spaced at 1211 day intervals.

1211 days is 7 eclipse seasons or 3 and 1/2 eclipse years.

An eclipse season is 173 days. An eclipse year is 346 days.

This Annular eclipse formed a Ring of Fire from Oregon to Texas moving on to S. America over a 2023 fall weekend, on October 14^th, 2023, one of three Solar Eclipses trisecting the USA in Seven Years, [2017-2024].

The 3/20/2015 Spring Equinox Eclipse Metonic framed key Eclipses of the 2014-2015 Blood Moon Tetrad/Quintet linked to a 3/23 Purim Eclipse in 2016 that totaled 5 Eclipses on Hebrew Feast days from 2014-2016. This set the stage for a complimentary convergence in the 2034, 19-year Metonic with the 2014-2016 Eclipse Quintet, that led into the related 2024 Eclipse Quintet witnessed in the 5 Eclipses last year in 2024, that opened with 3 Purim Eclipses in a Row in 2024-2026.

5 Eclipses in 2024

3/24-25/2024 Purim Total Eclipse
4/8/2024 Total Solar Eclipse
9/17-18/24 Partial Lunar Eclipse
10/2/24 Annular Total Eclipse
10/17/24 Lunar Eclipse

A cycle of Solar Eclipses from March 18 in both 1969 and 1988, with a partial Solar Eclipse in 2007 on March 19^th, all on 19-year Metonic anniversaries as these Equinox signs led to a Spring Equinox Metonic at the North Pole Eclipse on 3-20-2015…[my birthday] that continues 19-years later with a Middle-eastern Eclipse Crossing on 3-20-2034, also on the Spring Equinox.

Could this 19-year boundary provide the framework of an Eclipse Judgment as a mandate from heaven? This seems to be some of the strongest evidence I have ever seen, when we take into account the convergence of Matching Eclipse Tetrads from the period of 480BC-469BC, as Esther and Mordecai in Ancient Persia, foiled the genocidal plot of evil Haman as a forerunner of the End times Anti-Christ, was reversed when Haman and his ten Sons were hung on the same gallows he intended to hang Mordecai on. It is certainly no coincidence that these ancient Persian Eclipse Tetrad dates match our modern Tetrad dates from 2024-2034! Since the Heavenly Father initiated the cycles of the Sun, Moon and Stars, He is the Undisputed Author of this convergence of Luni-Solar signs, with their perfect timing inside the temporal boundaries formed by His Own Hand.

Let’s further inspect a key Pacific Northwestern Spring Equinox Total Solar Eclipse in recent US history.

Comparison Chart for Repeating Eclipse Tetrads
Eclipse Date	AD	Sun/Moon	Eclipse Date	BC
3/30/2033	AD	Lunar	3/31/471	BC
4/14/2033	AD	Solar	4/14/471	BC
9/23/2033	AD	P. Lunar	9/23/471	BC
10/8/2033	AD	Solar	10/8/471	BC

The Autumn Equinox Eclipse Metonic arrived in the Shanghai Ring of Fire Eclipse of September 23, 1987. It finishes on September 22nd 2033 Partial Lunar Eclipse. #15

 

Comparison Chart for Repeating Eclipse Tetrads 2034 AD with 469 BC

Eclipse Date AD

Source

Saros

Sun/Moon

Eclipse Date BC

Source

Saros

3/20/34 AD

Nasa

130

Tot. Solar

3/20/469

Nasa

51

4/03/34 AD

Nasa

142

Pen. Lunar

4/03/469

LBAT

63

9/12/34 AD

Nasa

135

Ann. Solar

9/12/469

Nasa

56

9/28/34 AD

Nasa

147

Par. Lunar

9/28/469

LBAT

68

Eclipse dates below match eclipses during the reign of Darius 1/Queen Esther & Mordecai in Ancient Persia from 480-469 BC, with repeating Eclipses matching our current sky patterns in the period of 2024-2034 AD! Eclipse Type and Saros # info are correlated from NASA’s Five Millennium Canon of Eclipses for these dates. #16 Following Eclipse dates are recorded in Star Dairies of Ancient Babylon many of which are now available through Sachs-Hunger (1988-1996) and Hunger (2001). #17 Ancient Babylon was only about 150 mi. from Persian Susa, so stellar observations were very similar for both these locations. Eclipse dates marked “T&D” from [https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/] match dates in Charts of Matching Eclipses. #18

Late Babylonian Astronomical Tables [LBAT] #19

LBAT BC Dates subtract 1 year without Zero BC year

Eclipse Date BC

Eclipse Type

Saros #

480 MAY04

Pen. Lunar

62

480 Sept28

Pen. Lunar

29

480 OCT28

Pen. Lunar

67

479 MAR24/5

Part. Lunar

34

479 SEP18

Part. Lunar

39

478 MAR14

Tot. Lunar

44

478 SEP07

Tot. Lunar

49

477 Mar03

Part. Lunar

54

477 Aug 27/ 28

Part. Lunar

59

476 Jan 22

Pen. Lunar

26

476 FEB21

Pen. Lunar

64

476 JUL17

Pen. Lunar

31

476 Aug15/ 16

Pen. Lunar

69

475 JAN11

Part. Lunar

36

475 JUL06

Part. Lunar

41

475 DEC31

Tot. Lunar

46

474 JUN26

Tot. Lunar

51

474 DEC20

Part. Lunar

56

473 JUN15/16

Part. Lunar

61

473 DEC09

Pen. Lunar

66

472 MAY06

Pen. Lunar

33

472 JUN04

Pen. Lunar

71

472 OCT29

Part. Lunar

38

471 APR25

Tot. Lunar

43

471 OCT18/ 19

Tot. Lunar

48

470 Apr14

Part. Lunar

53

470 OCT08 469Apr03 469SEP28

Part. Lunar Pen Lunar Pen Lunar

56 63 68

Footnotes

1. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
2. “Hamas” is a Hebrew word  [H2555-Chamac]. Strong’s Concordance, James Strong.
3. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
4. Number in Scripture– E.W. Bullinger, p. 238
5. Supernatural by Design Youtube video-“This Purim Eclipse Changes Everything. Pt. 1.”
6. Plate 1 picture credit; Stellarium Astronomical Software on Aug. 27th, 70 AD
7. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
8. map from 1260d.com
9. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
10. IBID
11. IBID
12. IBID
13. IBID
14. IBID
15. IBID
16. NASA’s Five Millennium Canon of Eclipses for these dates [https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLE/5MCLE-Figs-04.pdf]
`17. Star Dairies of Ancient Babylon available via Sachs-Hunger (1988-1996) and Hunger (2001).
18. [https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/]
19.  [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/eclipse/downloads/huber_de_meis_2004.pdf]
20. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
21. IBID
22. IBID