Category: Blood Moons

The 19-year Metonic Eclipse Cycle, and the Jubilee as a History of Israel

In the Celestial Gospel we find Cosmic Narratives of the Coming Redeemer, told by the Almighty Cosmic storyteller, One God Who dwells outside of time, with a full Divine view of time past, present and future. Eclipses are a most profound model in Nature that asserts cosmic timekeeping relating to human history. This divine pattern is portrayed distinctly in the Temple and Tabernacle of Israel, [Ex. 25:9; 2 Kgs. 16:10, Deut. 4:16-18, Ps. 144:12, Ez. 8:10, 10:8, H8403, #1 structure, from H1129–banah: to build. Form, figure, model, image, likeness.]#2 Heb. 8:9-13, 9:23–pattern of things in the heavens–Ouranos [Mk. 13:25, G5262–hupodeigma; an exhibit for imitation or warning]#3 Almighty God Who lead Israel on their journey through the wilderness, gave them His Tabernacle whose structure was based on a manifestation of a perfect sublime pattern, often startling in its beauty and symmetry that embodies distinct similarity to artistic, and musical precepts.-Phi/Pi. The Creator of these patterns is worthy of reverence & awe.

The focus of this study on Eclipses is narrowed down to how the Metonic cycle of 19 years has dictated a special class of eclipses that bears a unique relation to the history of Israel, in these last times. We will expose the link between eclipse cycles and the end times, and answer the question why does a period between these eclipses fall just short of 7 calendar years? This blog includes aspects of reprint articles, detailing why stellar prophecies in the Bible, especially with eclipses do not refer only to calendar years.

This study is designed to summarize recent eclipses starting with the Blood Moon Tetrads in the formation of the nation-state of Israel, and following including the Blood Moon Tetrads of 2014/2015, and the 2020 decade with their Metonic Partner Blood Moon Tetrads of 2033/ 2034. We find two key Equinox eclipses in the North Pole Spring Equinox Eclipse of 3-20-2015  with its Metonic partner in the 3-20-2034 Great Equinox Eclipse, exactly 19-years later. This Metonic 19-year period is bracketed by Blood Moon Tetrads and Equinox Eclipses, marking some of the most notable eclipses in history, whose Shadow paths outline conflicts and actions of key ancient and modern world empires.

As we close in on the 2000-year historic anniversary of the Crucifixion, Resurrection & Ascension of the Lord Jesus Christ, this central event in human history is certainly the focus of celestial history even as it is in Scripture. In the pre-ponderance of Biblical, historical and chronological evidence resulting from decades of Biblical research and teaching, April 28th, 28 AD is not only the most likely candidate for the date of Christ’s crucifixion, it is the strongest and firmly supported option that fits the accuracy of Biblical timelines on this subject. This fell not only during the time Pontius Pilate was Governor of Judea, but also based on calculations of Herod’s death eclipse in January, 1 BC, not 4BC. We also include Bible guidelines of Jesus at 30 years old, when by Judean law, he was qualified as an adult, to carry out his ministry in 1-year [not 3] called the “acceptable year [singular] of the Lord,” according to Bible prophecy, [Isa. 61:1-2]. Jesus quoted Isaiah’s text in his Synagogue lesson in [Luke 4:18-19], but did not quote the entire text, halting mid–verse 2, since “the day of vengeance of our God,” was and still is, a future event, as part of God’s wrath in the day of judgment, having no part of Christ’s ministry in his first Advent.

As we view the Luni-Solar eclipse cycles, we begin with a 346.62 day eclipse year, wherein the moon, earth and sun are realigned in the same lunar node on the ecliptic. This involves the coordination of three different kinds of years:

Solar Year: The Earth’s orbital cycle around the sun; 365.242 days
Lunar Year: The Moon’s cycle completes 12 Earth orbits of; 354.3 days
Draconic Year: when the Earth, moon and sun align at a Lunar node on the ecliptic; 346.6 days. #4

We shouldn’t focus on any one of these types of years, in favor of a coordinated view of all three. As the 3 yearly cycles align, it forms a pattern that allows us to predict eclipses, most clearly evident in the 19-year [6940+/- day] Metonic cycle. This cycle of nearly 6940 days, as an eclipse cycle is taken as 235 synodic months, only an hour and a half less than 19 years of 365+1⁄4 days. It is also 5 “octon” periods and close to 20 eclipse years, so it yields a short series of four or five eclipses on the same calendar date, or on two calendar dates. It’s also equal to 110 “hollow months“ of 29 days and 125 “full months“ of 30 days. #5

Thus, eclipses generally repeat about the same day of the year every 19 years. Eclipses are easier to predict by the Saros cycle of 223 lunar months, or about 18 years and 11 days, which is also 19 eclipse years.

As the Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth spun the Sun, Moon and Stars in their cycles according to His perfect and Omniscient timing, we can gain an understanding of His order of Creation, and set our lives in correspondent order with the Father of Lights. [Gen. 1:14-19]

The Great American Eclipse crossing from Aug. of 2017 to April of 2024 that formed an “X” over America has left its mark on our awareness of the times which we inhabit. These Solar eclipses may serve as a warning of impending judgments, or at least cause us to question or wonder at the celestial cycles behind this phenomena, has certainly gained a new set of fans. The focus of the eclipse crossing, or the “X” in the central US, has many aspects including the US crossing point of these eclipses near the New Madrid fault zone. This fault zone is 6 times larger than San Andreas’ fault zone in California, over parts of Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ohio & Kentucky. Back in 1811-1812, a damaging series of earthquakes on the New Madrid fault zone opened deep ground fissures, causing the Mississippi river to run backwards in some places, that reportedly was felt as distant as Boston & Washington DC. As the strongest earthquakes ever seen east of the Rockies, the heart of this “X” fell closest to the longest area of eclipse totality, exactly in the area where we would expect such an earthquake. This does not mean these three solar eclipses are predicting an earthquake event, but it may serve to warn America to repent and turn to God, reminding us that the Day of Christ’s crucifixion darkness was attended also by a great earthquake.

As we review the context of the total solar eclipse on August 21st, 2017–the 2nd Pan-American Eclipse across the US, we find the following dates, shown with the Regulus unions in Leo, and the Jupiter–Venus triple union in Virgo in 2016-2017, as signs of the Celestial Sphinx:

July 30th, 2016 Mercury-Regulus Conjunction
Aug. 5th, 2016 Venus-Regulus Conjunction
Aug. 26-27th, 2016 Jupiter-Venus conjunction [Jupiter enters Virgo]
Feb. 26th, 2017 Jupiter-Venus conjunction
August 21st, 2017 Total Solar Eclipse in Leo @ Regulus
Sept. 23rd, 2017 [Virgo clothed with the Sun/Moon @ feet]-Rev. 12:1-2
Sept. 30th Yom Kippur-Day of Atonement
Nov. 13th, 2017 Jupiter-Venus conjunction

The two brightest planets –Venus and Jupiter –teamed up to provide the closest planetary conjunction of 2014, which has been the closest Venus–Jupiter union in the 6 Lunar Eclipses of 2014-2016, until August 27, 2016, when Jupiter the King planet came into Virgo eventually to be “birthed” in 2017. This birth does not embody the birth of Christ himself, but the birth of his Kingdom which was rejected by the Jews, who crucified him in 28 AD. The triple union of the King planet Jupiter with Venus the Bright and Morning Star, on Aug. 27th, saw these two planets three times closer than in their 2015 conjunction when they were separated by only 1/3 of a degree.

The 2017 eclipse marked the last seven-year cycle before Israel’s 70^th Jubilee.

• Unlike lunar eclipses (except the Passover-Tabernacle tetrad lunar eclipses of 2014-2015), total solar eclipses are rare. #6

• God has used solar eclipses as signs before. The following is detailed, but very important. It shows that God has used eclipses to communicate His plans and can be expected to do so again. Jesus said, “And there shall be signs in the sun, and the moon, and the stars” (Luke 21:25). Around July of 1406 BC, the same year the Jubilee count began, as Israel entered the Promised land- Joshua commanded the sun and moon to stand still while Israel defeated the Amorites, (Josh 10:12). However, there was another celestial sign left unrecorded that occurred about the same time.

On July 14, 1406 BC, at the front paws of the constellation Leo, a total solar eclipse occurred. Compare the similarity and the location of the two eclipses.#7

Thus, the 1406 BC eclipse was in a very similar place as our 2017 eclipse. To understand the eclipse at the start of the Jubilees sheds great light on our grasp of the 2017 eclipse near the end, 70 Jubilees later. Thus we should consider what follows carefully!

Plate 1. Total Solar Eclipse near Regulus in Leo, 8/21/2017. #10

On July 14, 1406 BC, as Israel fought the Amorites, led by Joshua, they defeated the idol worshipping tribes and nations marked by the path of the narrow lunar shadow that crossed over the altars of false worship under its course. Starting in SW Europe where the Atlantic meets the Med– the place Columbus would later sail home after “discovering” America, passing through Spain, and over Rome’s seven hills, then the Greek gods of Mt. Olympus, the Island of Patmos along with the seven churches of the Book of Revelation, Tarsus, then along the southern side of the northern border of Israel (visible by warring Israel, Josh 10). This included Mt. Hermon of Bashan. It then proceeded along the river Euphrates to Babylon, Ur, and Eridu and its (Tower of Babel), to exit out of the mouth of the Euphrates (the eastern-most border God promised to Israel), and Susa (of Persia).

Moses prophesied the day he died “at 120 years of age” (i.e., 120.5) concerning the future of the 12 tribes of Israel. That day happened to have been exactly 6 months before the July 14, 1406 eclipse (Deut 1:3-4; 34:4-8). On this same day, Moses prophesied about two tribes that, when overlapped like the sun and moon in eclipse, foretold the eclipse of July 14, 1406 BC… The tribes of Dan and Manasseh (Joseph). #12

This comparison of celestial alignments not only within the Lunar Eclipse Sextet from 2014-2016, but also the Total Solar Eclipse of July 14, 1406 BC, with the Total Solar eclipse of August 21st, 2017 shows a series of solar and lunar eclipses on sacred feasts on the Calendar of Jubilees, that link ancient Israel to its modern State and City of Jerusalem. The history of Israel’s actions on its Feast Days, marked by repeating Solar and Lunar Eclipses over the centuries, are specifically quoted in Acts 2:17-20 “Before the Great and Notable Day of the Lord Comes“, prior to the Return of the Lord Jesus Christ For his Saints. For added context see Messianic prophecy of Hag. 2: 5-7. A timing focus on Hebrew feasts with the Aug. 21st, 2017 eclipse, link to Elul 1, opens a 40-day Season to Repent unto Yom Kippur–the Day of Atonement. The core conflict or spiritual enmity between the seed of the Woman vs. the Serpent’s seed in Gen. 3:15, notes a virulent blood feud and spiritual hatred seen throughout OT History, that now in the last days, we find once again in a return to the days that are like the days of Noah.

As the enemy’s desire to prevent the 1st Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, by the genocide of Haman’s plot, foiled by the bravery of Queen Esther and Mordecai, that saved the Jews via the Hand of Almighty God in their day, so it remains their desire to inflict as much pain and destruction on Israel and the Christian world as possible today. God’s acts of righteous judgment will be completed as the evil ones of today are exposed and dealt with according to God’s perfect justice.

In our August 2015 post on the Partial Solar Eclipse; 9-13-2015, we referenced truths regarding Israel seen as a Fig Tree in the Bible. The following section from that blog provides a key foundation for the post on the Jewish Priest from the middle ages; Judah Ben Samuel’s Jubilee Prophecies. The Apostle Luke set the context with his prophecy of Israel as a Fig Tree.

Luke 21:24-33

“²⁴ They will fall by ^[f]the mouth and the edge of the sword and will be led away as captives to and among all nations; and Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled (complete).  25 And there will be signs in the sun, in the moon, and in the stars; and on the earth distress of nations, with perplexity, the sea and the waves roaring; ²⁶ men’s hearts failing them from fear and the expectation of those things which are coming on the earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. ²⁷ Then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.²⁸ Now when these things begin to happen, look up and lift up your heads, because your redemption draws near. ²⁹ Then He spoke to them a parable: “Look at the fig tree, and all the trees. ³⁰ When they are already budding, you see and know for yourselves that summer is now near. ³¹ So you also, when you see these things happening, know that the kingdom of God is near. ³² Assuredly, I say to you, this generation will by no means pass away till all things take place. ³³ Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will by no means pass away.”

Biblically, the Fig Tree is a symbol of Israel, as we will soon see. As Jesus told us in this parable in Lk. 21:29-32 that this generation would see the kingdom of God, that the Jews of that day rejected. Starting with the Blood Moon Tetrads of 1947-48 and 1967-68, that marked the formation of the modern state of Israel, we take note that they are 19 years apart, yet each of these Blood Moon Tetrads can be seen to represent a stage in the restoration of Israel, first as a nation, in 1948, and second with the recapture of its capital city of Jerusalem in 1967.

As we consider the history of the formation of the modern Jewish state, some have questioned; “Why wasn’t Israel fully restored in 1948, including the temple mount?”

Ans. In Ezekiel’s account of the fall of Jerusalem, God’s Spirit departs from the temple and leaves Jerusalem in specific stages (starting in 592 BC) and then comes back in stages 19 years later in 573 BC, (Ezek. 8:40). In the same way, Israel is now being restored in stages –each stage on a predicted time-frame in the Bible. The next stage in God’s plan for Jerusalem also happened exactly 19 years after Israel became a nation in 1948: The 1967, Six-Day War.

The next stage in Israel’s restoration was the six-day war waged exactly 19 years later, to the day, June 5-10, 1967. In this war, the Temple Mount was captured along with east Jerusalem, which included the day of Pentecost on June 5th, 1967.

But why 19 years later?

Ans. Because, from Ezekiel’s vision about the temple (573 BC) until when Israel became a nation are 1260 + 1260 years, that is 2520 years. (2520 days represents a seven-year period on the eclipse calendar; {2520 days.}) Thus, 2520 plus 19 more years equals 2539. And so, from 573 BC to 1967 are 2539 years.

So, what’s important about 2539 years?

Seven years on the regular Jewish calendar amounts to 2539 days in both 1948 and 1967. Thus, the seventh anniversary after Israel became a nation took place exactly 2539 days later on the regular Jewish calendar, (i.e., 1948-1955). And the same is true of the 7th anniversary of the 1967 War, (i.e., 1967-1974). Hence, in God’s heavenly schematic, 2539 days relate to the previous 2539 years back to the prophecy of Ezekiel in 573 BC!”#13

This is an example of a Biblical Prophecy with a dual significance that fits for both days and years. We will see another example of this when we discuss the “70 Weeks Prophecy” in Daniel 9, in a follow-up of this post next month, as it relates to the ministry of Jesus Christ among other things.

What has escaped the notice of most regarding Luke 21:24-33 is that Jesus’ prophecy on Jerusalem being over-run and controlled by the Gentiles, in Lk. 24 sets the immediate context of celestial signs in the Sun, Moon and Stars and the distress of the nations in verse 25. This directs our focus to heavenly signs around the periods bracketing the Roman’s destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 AD, because this opened the period when the Jerusalem Temple was down-trodden by the Gentiles. Conversely, with Israel’s recapture of Jerusalem in 1967, with the events surrounding their control of the Temple Mount, we find the first stages of the restoration of Israel by God’s Hand. Since the Luni-solar eclipse cycles are part of the the heavenly signs of the Sun, Moon and Stars, including the modern Blood Moon Tetrads, there is much we can learn from the focus of this study.

Figure A. Blood Moon over Jerusalem.

What we also find in the repeating 19-year eclipse Metonic cycle linked to the history of Israel, is the annual pattern of sevens or the Sabbatical/ Shemitah septenary cycle built into the sequence. This pattern was first established with the Biblical temporal cycles starting in the Creation Week, setting the stage for Sabbaths pointed out in Jonathan Kahn’s books like ‘The Harbinger,” an early adopter pointing out a correlation of 50-year Hebrew Jubilee with the Sabbatical/Shemitah cycle, in the recent calendar cycle of 5776/ 2016. The key dates in 1949-50 and 1967-68 referenced above linked to Israel’s restoration, marked by modern Blood Moon Tetrads on Hebrew Feast and Holy days, form consistent levels of the divine pattern from the Hand of God, establishing the divine authenticity of these heavenly signs for those who are paying attention. [Gen. 1:14-18]

Figure A1. Select Revelation 12 Signs.

A key with the final Super Blood Moon of the recent 2014-2015 Blood Moon Tetrad is that it occurred after the Hebrew Jubilee opened on Sept. 23rd, 2015, 2 years to the day ahead of the notable Great Pyramid alignment signs. These Great Pyramid Alignments are pictured in the upper right graphic of Figure A1, above where the Christ angle of the Great Pyramid Shafts are aligned with a Venus-Regulus conjunction in Leo on Sept. 20, 2017. This occurs 1260 days from the first Blood Moon of the 2014-2015 Tetrad, showing a transition on the Countdown Clock from years to days. As the Super Blood Moon was the first Blood Moon of the 2014-2015 Tetrad visible in Jerusalem, this was a head-turner. Correlating with two previous Jubilees in 1917 & 1967, we find an intriguing history in 1917, as Jerusalem was liberated by the British Army under General Allenby, from the Ottoman Turks, only a few weeks after Balfour’s Declaration promised Israel a homeland. Since this Dec. 1917 date represents a series of Shemitah cycles totaling 2,520 years going back to 604 BC when King Nebuchadnezzar conquered Jerusalem, we find a link to Israel being lead away into the Babylonian Captivity.

During his campaign, General Allenby’s planes buzzed Jerusalem with many fly-overs, dropping surrender leaflets on the Ottoman forces, inducing the Turks to “wave the white flag” without casualty. As Isaiah discloses to us the way Jerusalem would be delivered;

Isaiah 31:4b-5: “so shall the Lord of Hosts come down to fight for Mt. Zion and for the hill thereof, As birds flying, so will the Lord of Hosts defend Jerusalem; defending, also He will deliver it; and passing over, He will preserve it.”

In this deliverance we can see the Hand of the Almighty working to fulfill this promise, even in the motto inscribed on the badge of the bomber squadron chosen to liberate Jerusalem which read: “I spread my wings and keep my promise.” This Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps took Jerusalem “as flying birds” and defended it, and passing over it, preserved it, fulfilling each detail of Isaiah’s prophecy.

As this background sets context for this study, let’s now consider the Judah Ben Samuel’s Jubilee Prophecies. Rabbi Judah Ben Samuel lived during the time of the Roman/Christian Crusades in the Holy Land between 1096-1270 AD. It was during this time that Rabbi Judah Ben Samuel began publishing his “Jubilee Prophecies,” complete with Gematria calculations, and Celestial notices. As news traveled between the Holy Land and Europe found its way to the rabbis and clergy in Worms and Regensburg Germany, the good Rabbi took many of the same steps as Martin Luther 300 years later, as he led the Reformation against the Roman Catholic Church in the “Diet at Worms.“ A synopsis of the Rabbi’s prophecies is found below;

“When the Ottoman (Turks) – who were already a power to be reckoned with on the Bosporus in Judah Ben Samuel’s time – conquered Jerusalem they will rule over Jerusalem for 8 Jubilees. Afterwards, Jerusalem becomes a no-man’s land for one Jubilee, and in the 9th Jubilee it again returns back into the hands of the Jewish nation – marking the beginning of the Messianic end time.”#14

Leviticus 25, tells us every 50 yr. Jubilee each one regains title to their lands. As Rabbi Judah Ben Samuel told the future, his predictions today seem to be amazingly accurate. But it was over 3 centuries after his death, before his first prediction came to pass. The recent Jubilee of 5776/ 2016 was a special hybrid of Shemitah/Jubilee cycles that coincided with an end of Judah Ben Samuel’s 10th Jubilee to seal the Messianic End times.

Although Judah Ben Samuel’s Jubilee Prophecies are extra-Biblical in nature, they embody another key historical layer of verification in the divine patterns of these signs of the last days, as seen in the 50-year Hebrew Jubilee. The veracity of these prophecies has been questioned, but when viewed in the context of the existing pattern of sacred Hebrew calendars of the Shemitah/Sabbath and Jubilees, with the Hebrew Feast & Holy days marked by modern Blood Moon Tetrads, about which Judah Ben Samuel referenced nothing in his writings, they gain the added credibility of the coordinated celestial signs from the Hand of the Almighty.

Ludwig Schneider of Israel Today Magazine translated Judah Ben Samuel’s (1140-1217) writings into English. “…According to his article, Rabbi Judah Ben Samuel was a Talmud scholar in Germany. Just before he died in the year 1217 he predicted that the Ottoman Turks would rule over Jerusalem for eight Jubilees, or 400 years (8 x 50). The Ottoman Turks took control of Jerusalem 300 years after the Rabbi’s death in 1517 and according to the prophecy, the Ottoman Turks then lost Jerusalem 400 years later in 1917. During WWI when British General Edmund Allenby took Jerusalem on Hanukkah with out firing a shot in 1917. This event falling on Hanukkah and the ease in how it occurred, make this moment in history very notable. Judah Ben Samuel’s prophecy also said that following the 8th Jubilee, the 9th Jubilee would find Jerusalem a no-man’s-land, which it was from 1917 to 1967, until the Six-Day-War. The Rabbi predicted in the 10th Jubilee-Israel would control Jerusalem, marking a start of the Messianic end times. The completion of this Tenth Jubilee brings us to the year 2017.”#14a It is key to realize that the conclusion of this 10th Jubilee in 2017, we also find 2nd Fulfillments of the original Rev. 12 heavenly signs in addition to marking the Birth of Christ in 3 BC. Dual references to these future aspects of the “Woman” in Rev. 12-5-17, were revealed as Jon Nessle taught us how future aspects of the “7 headed dragon with 7 crowns” echoes language in Daniel 7 and Rev. 13, as examples of 2nd fulfillments of the Rev. 12 heavenly signs, in our Mini-Summit on the Hope in 2017,#15 in Tampa. He also mentions how dual or multiple fulfillments of prophecy can hinge on various word meanings in line with what E.W. Bullinger teaches on the Figure of Speech “Gnome.” I also posted blogs in October and November of 2017 on these topics, for your reference. These would correlate to Judah Ben Samuel’s Jubilee 11: that opened on Yom Kippur 9/30/17.  

From the Balfour Declaration on November 2, 1917–during the 1917-1918 Jubilee, to the retaking of the Western Wall during the 1966-1967 Jubilee, to the Jubilee from September 2015 to the fall of 2016, God was at work restoring His Blessings to Israel in stages. The Temple Mount seems a next logical stage of this restoration process, but the events remain to be seen in Jubilee 11, in how it all comes together.

In Israel’s War of Independence against five Islamic nations, Jerusalem was a  “divided city.” The Jordanian government controlled east Jerusalem including the Temple Mount and the Old City. A strip of land divided Israeli control of Western Jerusalem and Jordanian run East Jerusalem. This strip of land was called “No-Man’s Land” by both Israelis and Jordanians. After the 6-Day War, on June 17, 1967, the Israeli Army controlled the entire West Bank and all of Jerusalem was returned to their possession, 750 years after Judah Ben Samuel predicted these events, the conditions of his prophecy were fulfilled.

Then came the Rabbi’s last piece of his prediction: “In the ninth Jubilee, Jerusalem will once again come back into the possession of the Jewish nation – which will signify the beginning of the Messianic end time.”

As we have already seen with our opening verses in Luke 21:24-33, Jesus’ prophecy relating to Jerusalem being over-run by the Gentiles sets the context for the end time heavenly signs of the Sun, Moon and Stars. The Scholars and Blood Moon enthusiasts have focused on the luni-solar signs, but have neglected their relation to Jerusalem. To understand this better, lets look at added evidence of this in Joel 2 setting the table for Joel 3.

Figure B. Jerusalem in 70 AD. #15a

Joel 2:30-32

³⁰ And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. ³¹ The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the Lord come. ³² And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the Lord hath said, and in the remnant whom the Lord shall call.

This is a primary “Blood Moon Prophecy” that occurs prior to the victorious return of the Lord, FOR his Saints. These verses at the end of Joel 2 give us the immediate context for the prophecy relating to Jerusalem and the Gog-Magog alliance of Gentile nations we can see gathering around Jerusalem that set the stage for coming final battle of Armageddon at the start of Joel 3.

Joel 3:1-2

1 “For behold, in those [climactic] days and at that time, When I restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem, ² I will gather together all the [Gentile] nations [that were hostile to My people] And bring them down into the Valley of Jehoshaphat (Lord judged). And there I will deal with them and enter into judgment with them there For [their treatment of] My people, My inheritance, Israel, Whom they have scattered among the nations, And [because] they have encroached on My land and divided it up.

The sensational focus on the Blood Moon phenomena, not only in Christian circles but also in the secular media, has detracted from the reason for the Blood Moon Tetrads in the first place, which is the disposition of Jerusalem and specifically the Temple Mount that determines the final stages of God’s deliverance of Israel and the Church-the Body of Christ. The fact that we have completed the Blood Moon Tetrad of 2014-2015, and now find ourselves well past the Shemitah/Jubilee of 5776/2016 with added solar and lunar eclipses on Hebrew Feast–days, from 2017-2024, we have plenty of reason to keep our heads to the sky as part of “the generation that will see these signs come to pass“ serving the Lord Jesus Christ, into his victorious Return. [Lk. 21:32]

The “Jubilee“ for Jerusalem of today, depicts certain levels of God’s restoration of Israel, starting from a prior Gentile dominion of Jerusalem in 70 AD, when Rome ravaged the Jerusalem Temple. Joel 3:2 tells us Rome’s attack on Israel  resulted in the Jews being either killed, starved, or sold as slaves. This history of the Gentile domination of Jerusalem first by Rome, next by Islamic armies, including the Ottoman Turks predicted by Judah Ben Samuel, held it till 1917, when Allied Forces under Gen. Allenby delivered the Holy city. From 1917, the next Jubilee was a 50 years later in 1967. With a return of Jerusalem to Israeli control in 1967, it makes 1966- Shemitah #49. The pursuant Jubilee =(7 cycles of 7 Years = 49): 1966+ 7×7= 2015. Since 70 AD, Old Jerusalem was not under Israeli rule till the 6–day war with Egypt in 1967. This liberation of the City of Jerusalem on June 7, 1967 was key pivot point in a recent Prophetic past, specific to the End Times, with the 6-day war-of June 5-10, 1967, exactly 19 years after the New State of Israel was formed in 1948.

In the Balfour Declaration of Nov 2, 1917, British Foreign Minister Balfour pledged support for establishment of a “Jewish national home in Palestine.” During this 1917-18 Jubilee, there were other heavenly signs and planetary conjunctions taking place telling related parts of this story of the restoration of Jerusalem and Israel. Mar’s retrograde motion embodied the Warrior Archangel Michael fighting for God’s people, moved in conjunction with the King star Regulus in Leo, depicting conflict surrounding God’s restoration of His people, vs. our spiritual adversary who stands against God’s purposes at every turn. This retrograde motion of Mars began in Leo, then progressed into Virgo’s head, returned into Leo, depicting the Celestial Sphinx, in the body of Leo the Lion with the head of the woman Virgo, symbolizing a restoration & unity not only for Israel, but also with the Lord Jesus Christ and his Angelic cohorts under the Archangel Michael.

The Celestial Sphinx as seen below follows the structure of the Great Sphinx on the Giza Plateau. In addition to marking the Alpha and Omega signs of the Celestial Canon, the Great Sphinx mirrors the binding of Scripture together from Genesis to Revelation, as seen in the references to Jesus as the Lion of the tribe of Judah in both Gen. 49:8-10 and Rev. 5:5, the first and last books of the Bible. Another indicator of the key importance of these stellar aspects of the Great Sphinx, is that our recognition of the Celestial Sphinx, Virgo and Leo the Lion provide a basis for the signs of the triple union of Jupiter-Regulus in Leo, in 3 BC related to Gen. 49:8-10. This is a foundation key linking the Sphinx both to the Celestial Gospel & God’s Word, in their unified testimony to the Coming Promised Seed.

To continue a sub-theme of Hebrew Jubilee planetary unions of Mars during its retrograde motion, we find added evidence during the 1967 Jubilee, in between the Passover Blood Moons on [4-24-67] and on Sukkot [10-18-67]. The Mars retrograde looped around Virgo’s womb area opening March 10th through June 24th. During this loop Mars neared union with the Alpha Star of Virgo–Spica on June 6th, completing its loop around the womb of Virgo, a few weeks later. This again embodies the conflict germane to God’s deliverance of Jerusalem from the spiritual enemy, as the city of Jerusalem was wrested from Gentile domination, seen in the rebirth of Jerusalem under Israeli control. The planetary activity in 2 previous Jubilees depicts restoration of Israel with Mars-Michael, as an exciting lead-up to the 2017 Jubilee, when Jupiter the king planet-God’s Holy Sceptre, finished a retrograde loop of Virgo’s womb, symbolized a birthing of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, with God’s Angelic warriors in conflict with enemy spirit realms emphasized here with the triple conjunction of Mars-Spica, unifying the four fold ministry of Christ with angel cohorts of Michael the Warrior Archangel.

Figure C. The Celestial Sphinx. #16

As we view the celestial context of this first union of Jupiter and Regulus, [Fig. B] marking the birth of Christ, we can see the head of Virgo rising above the eastern horizon under the full body of Leo the Lion on the ecliptic. This views what an observer standing near Palestine facing east would have seen on this date, providing a clear aspect of the astronomical symbolism of the Sphinx as an important marker and monumental predictor of Jesus‘ birthday on Sept. 11, 3 BC, a prophecy of the birth of Christ preserved in stone on the Giza Plateau from antiquity! This serves as a monolithic marker to the prophecy provided in Rev. 12:1-5, in the constellation Virgo, further establishing this truth.

This leads us directly to the eclipses marking the American Century that we have seen in our lifetimes.

 The American Century in Eclipses. 

 

Two sets of Eclipses define the American century. The first set defined its beginning…a cross country USA eclipse on June 8, 1918…7 eclipse years (2422 days) later, an eclipse cut across the Northern US from Minnesota through New York City. The second set defines its end…starting with a cross-country USA eclipse on August 21, 2017… seven eclipse years (2422 days) later, an eclipse cuts south to north through New York State ( the “empire state”)…#17

Between 1918 and 2017-the USA cross country eclipse was 36, 234 days. And Between 1925 and 2024 USA eclipses was also 36,234 days… Between each matching member of the pairs is 99 years and 74 days… or 1190 months and 13 days… This embodies the True American Century written in eclipses, and bracketed by 7-year eclipse pairs.

June 8, 1918

 

In this illustrated Map of June 8, 1918 eclipse, Mt. Saint Helens is center of totality. The only Eclipse that traveled across the entire contiguous USA before 8-21-2017 was June 8, 1918. During this time the US was embroiled in WWI— and at the start of a Spanish Flu Pandemic …note incredible similarity to path of 8-21-2017 USA eclipse. This marks the beginning of US dominance in world affairs.

2422 days from Jan 24, 1925 US eclipse

36,234 days from August 21, 2017 US eclipse

Jan, 24, 1925

 

 At the mid-point of the roaring 20’s on January 24, 1925, a total solar eclipse across the northern USA from upper Minnesota provides the last total solar eclipse in New York City, the new epicenter and empire of western culture, (“empire state”). New York was home to the financial and cultural centers of the nation–Wall Street, Broadway & Vaudeville, Tin Pan Alley—the city was treated to rare clear skies and the eclipse was widely observed. The eclipse path crossed the Atlantic ocean to extreme northern latitudes, Nearing totality at Kennedy’s Family Home.

2422 days from June 8 1918  US eclipse

36,234 days from August 21, 2017 US eclipse

USA- 3 Solar Eclipses in 7 years starting in 2017 – See the A? #18

 

 

 Paleo-Hebrew was the script in which the Old Testament was written, not the modern script that is currently used (being standardized around 200 B.C.)

On the left is a Tav–the last letter (22nd) of the Hebrew alphabet– essentially a cross or X in the above illustration.

On the right is the Paleo-Hebrew Aleph–the first letter of the alphabet.

The Tav is being written by the shadow of the moon on both locations.

The Aleph-(where we get Alpha and our letter A) is written by shadows of the 2017, 2023 and 2024 eclipses on the USA. #4  Jesus is the Alpha & Omega as seen in Rev. 1:8-17.

The Alpha and the Omega

Reading right to left,  “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.” –Rev. 22:13… go back  and look at the Aleph (A) over the USA mapped in last section.

Total Solar Tav over America-2017 and 2024

 

It’s a cross. It’s also a Tav, the last- 22nd, letter of the original Hebrew alpha-bet. It means truth. In the Greek alphabet, X is the symbol for a letter ‘chi. ‘ Chi (or X); the first letter in the Greek word for “Christ” that stands for the word “Christ“, which is why people can write “Happy Xmas.” In the early days of the Christian church, Christians used the letter “X“ as a secret coded symbol to indicate their membership in the church to others.

The above map illustrates the Total solar eclipses of 2017 and 2024 over America, both on Mondays, separated by a 2422 day (7-eclipse year) span.

The Mideast Eclipses of 2027 and 2034—see the X

[map from 1260d.com]#20

As the author points out this eclipse crossing in view of the Giza Plateau, embodies the southern border of the land promised to Abraham by God in Gen. 15:8, [see Ex. 6:1-8]. Giza’s Plateau is also the locale of the Great Pyramid that will see a return of celestial signs and planetary unions like the aligned Venus-Regulus signs in Leo in Sept 20, 2017, that are due to return in 2028 AD.
 As we have just concluded 120 hours of teaching in our OT History class over 1.5 years, we saw the Jews dwelling in the land of Israel for 1900+ years that started with Abraham! This evident truth of Bible history will never be erased by holocaust denying terrorists. On Aug 2nd, 2027 and March 20, 2034- Total Eclipses intersect near the Valley of the Kings in Egypt… also separated by a 2422-day span (7 Eclipse Years). Like the USA Total Eclipses, both are Hepton Cycle eclipses taking place on Mondays. All 4 crossing eclipses are members of the same Hepton Cycle. 27 AD to 34 AD also contains all the probable dates for the Crucifixion, Resurrection & Ascension of Jesus Christ, marking the notice of their 2000th Annivrsary!

 

AMERICAN OMEGA–THE TOTAL ECLIPSES 

Monday Aug 21 2017

 

The USA divided in half on Aug, 2017. 7 months and 1 day after Trump’s 1st Inauguration, as 45th President. First day of the month of Elul, in Hebrew year 5777.  In Jewish tradition, the month of Elul is a time of repentance in preparation for the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.#21

Monday April 8 2024

 

2422 days later, the USA is divided South to North, along with Mexico and extreme Eastern Canada. This occurs 8 days after Easter and 14 days before Passover. 7

The Mideast eclipses occur on boundaries of this 2,000th year anniversary, but no solar eclipse can naturally occur on the exact day’s anniversary. Jesus was crucified at Passover (full moon). Solar eclipses take place at New Moon.

The total eclipses occur 7 eclipse years (draconic years -346 days) apart, both on Monday –Moon Day. A span of 2422 days. They are part of a unique series of Hepton Eclipse groupings.#22

NOW ADD THE GREAT 10-14-23-AMERICAN RING OF FIRE ECLIPSE.

Ring of Fire 2023

531 years and two days after Columbus discovered America, an Annular eclipse creates a ring of fire from Oregon to Texas and then on to South America, October 14th 2023, one of 3 U.S. solar eclipses in the USA in Seven Years, [2017-2024].

Extremely significant Ring of Fire eclipses also occur during this time frame… including;
12-26-2019 Tsunami Anniversary Eclipse.
6-21-2020 Solstice/Father’s Day Pandemic Eclipse,
6-10-2021 Canadian Judgment Eclipse,
10-14-2023 USA Ring of Fire Eclipse.

There are many ways to look at this grouping but it seems to demand inclusion due to its obvious boundaries around the USA. There are three eclipses in 7 years in the USA as the nation was perfectly trisected. The fact that our nation was politically divided and subdued during this time frame stands clear as a historical fact, under the Biden Administration.#23

USA Ring of Fire Eclipse, Central America, Exits Brazil

The 10-14-2023 USA Ring of Fire Eclipse entered Oregon–center of annularity coming ashore near Florence at 9:05 am. Oregon’s second eclipse in 7 years- and heads across the Southwest USA. Crosses Gulf of Mexico, Yucatan, Central America, across the Amazon and exits into the Ocean at Natal, Brazil. Natal is Portuguese for Nativity.#24

Over the Cross of the Four Corners

The only place in the USA where four states meet and form a cross, the sacred lands of the Four Corners region. The Eclipse path perfectly covered  this Cross as it travels over some of the most beautiful areas on planet earth, including confluence of Green and Colorado Rivers, several national parks and centers of the lost Anasazi Civilization like Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde.

Corpus Christi–The Body of Christ

The eclipse exits the USA at the exact centerline of annularity directly over the city of Corpus Christi, Tx (Body of Christ) – The only city in America that bears such a name. The eclipse then traverses the gulf of Mexico before crossing the Yucatan.#25

Ring of Fire Eclipse 10-14-23

A “Ring of Fire”/ Sunflower Annular eclipse passes over the western US on 10-14-23 before traveling to the Yucatan and crossing northern Brazil, 177 days before the Spring 2024 total eclipse.

Remember! Total and Annular Solar Eclipses are rare. To have 3 completely trisecting the USA in 7 years is nothing short of incredible. One eclipse is past-the Great American Eclipse of Aug 21 2017, The next total solar eclipse in the USA arrived 2422 days later on April 8, 2024, It will be the only Total solar eclipse to touch all three nations in the 21st Century. The shadow paths of these two eclipses mark an “X“ over America’s-central point just south of Carbondale Illinois, specifically near Salem Road near east bank of Cedar Lake.

These Hepton Total Eclipses occur 7 eclipse years (draconic years -346 days) apart, both on Monday –Moon Day. A span of 2422 days.#26

The exact midpoint of the Total eclipses is 1211 days. That date turned out to be Dec. 14, 2020…It so happens there was another total solar eclipse then on the other end of the Americas, also a Hepton Eclipse, also on Monday, coincided with a dark day in political history of the USA;

MONDAY 12-14-2020- MIDPOINT OF USA MONDAY JUDGMENT ECLIPSES

Joe Biden is confirmed President by Electoral College

The precise midpoint of the 2017 and 2024 USA eclipses was Dec. 14, 2020. On that day, between 10am and 5pm Eastern time, the Electoral College certified Joe Biden and Kamala Harris as President and Vice-President of the United States of America. A significant Monday Total Solar eclipse perfectly spaced between two Total Solar Monday eclipses.#27

7 eclipse seasons–1211 days– in either direction brings you to the USA Eclipse Judgments of 8-21- 2017 and 4-8-2024 which themselves are exactly;

7 eclipse years apart.
7 eclipse seasons is 3 and 1/2 eclipse years … 34 months to the day before the USA’s Ring of Fire eclipse.

TWO TAVS MAKE AN ALEF / USA ECLIPSES, totally unique 2024

The April 8, 2024 Eclipse will be the only one to cross Mexico, USA and Canada in the 21st Century. It takes place 8 days after Easter on a Monday. Texas will get its second solar eclipse in 6 months.#28

First Tav–Annular 2023 and 2024 Total Solar Eclipses.

Here is the cross/ Tav / X / Omega formed by a weekend 10-14-23 Ring of Fire and the 4-8-24 Total solar eclipses, 177 days apart. They cross in Texas over the hill country, near San Antonio. This second TAV that completes the Alpha over America.

Second Tav– Total Eclipse Tav-2017 and 2024

And here is the Tav formed by the 2017 and 2024 Total USA Solar Eclipses, their intersection south of Carbondale Illinois, at Salem Road on the East edge of Cedar Lake.#29

And The Alpha-The sum of the Two Tavs

Once again, the shadows of the three eclipses that occur in a 7-year span clearly write the letter A upon the United States. It is Alef, Alpha. Perhaps those with wisdom will reckon these days.

USA 8-21-2017

 

Total Eclipse/ Hepton Cycle Monday Eclipse. The Great American Eclipse. The most viewed American eclipse of all time. America Divided. First major city in totality was Salem, Oregon–the largest US city named after Jerusalem. Before this, the last eclipse visible in the US was Feb. 26, 1979, seen only in the Northwest.#30

There is certainly much in current events regarding Jerusalem coinciding with these celestial signs. On Dec. 6th of 2017 in Trump’s 1st Admin., he released plans to move the US Embassy to Jerusalem. Predictably, some Islamic nations defied this recognition of Jerusalem by a major world power, linked to Israel. The timing of this was noteworthy as the Jubilee calendar marked other key events related to Jerusalem in recent history. As we correlate 2 previous Jubilees in 1917 and 1967, we find a previously noted history in 1917, as Jerusalem was liberated from the Ottoman Turks by Gen. Allenby, & his Army of Brits, only weeks after the Balfour Declaration promised Israel a homeland. This date in Dec. 1917 shows a record of Shemitah’s totaling 2,520 years, began 605-4 BC, when King Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem, & led Israel captive to Babylon. In the Balfour Declaration-Nov. 2, 1917-in the 1917-1918 Jubilee, to retaking the Western Wall in the 1966-1967 Jubilee, to a recent Jubilee in 2017-2018, we see God working to restore His Jubilee Blessings to Israel in stages.

The Temple Mount may to be a next stage in a restoration process, where we can see provisions for a third Temple in Jerusalem. The new US Embassy was opened on the rebirth of the 70th anniversary of the State of Israel-May 14th, 2018. An aspect of the Biblical Jubilee is the restoration of the land to original owners, thus it is interesting to see this progressive restoration of the lands to Israel including Jerusalem, to the people who have returned to live in the modern State of Israel.

The great 2520 year period is called the Great 7-times of prophecy in Levi. 26: 18, Then I will punish [3256] you seven times more for your sins. v.21 Then, if you walk contrary to Me, and are not willing to obey Me, I will bring on you seven times more plagues, according to your sins. v. 23 And if you will not be reformed [3256-yacar] by Me by these things but will walk contrary to Me, v. 24 Then I also will walk contrary to you, and I will punish [3256] you yet seven times for your sins. v. 27 And after all this, if you do not obey Me, but walk contrary to Me, v. 28 then I also will walk contrary to you in fury; and I, even I, will chastise [3256] you seven times for your sins. [3256-yacar; repeated 4x]

God is certainly making a point in this record among other judgments, what He brings upon Israel if they continue to walk against Him in all their ways. After the repetitions of 7 times of Judgement, it also records the desolation of their cities including Jerusalem, and how their lands will not produce for them since Israel ignored the pattern of sabbaths to rest their lands [Levi. 26:34-37, 42-46] as God commanded–leading to the Jubilee Sabbaths.

Israel lost sovereignty in 605-4 BC, for a perfect 2520–year period, minus 70 years captivity in Babylon, fulfilled in 1948 when Israel regained freedom. In 586 BC, the city of Jerusalem was destroyed as well as the Temple. This took place 19 years after 605 BC as Nebuchadnezzar removed their national sovereignty and sat King Jehoiakim as vassal ruler, (2 Kings 24:1). Using 586 BC as an incept point of another time measurement, when Jerusalem was destroyed, another 2520–year period (again minus 70 years for its captivity) fulfilled in 1967 when Israel recaptured Jerusalem, June 7, 1967. In God’s Eternal Covenant in Israel; His people were detached from the land God promised them for a time, (Ps. 105:7-45) but its ultimate fulfillment is in accordance with Their Perfect Judge.

The City of Jerusalem and the Temple lay desolate for 70 years. After that period of desolation, the 2520-Year countdown began and culminated on June 7, 1967 when Israel regained control over Jerusalem. They also got control of the Temple Mount, but they had to return control back to the King of Jordan, who still retains control of the Temple Mount today. ​In the 20th century, the Nation of Israel regained sovereignty, celebrating Independence on May 14, 1948. Nineteen years later, the city of Jerusalem came under Israeli control on June 7, 1967. The Gentile dominion over Jerusalem is structured in 2-1260 year periods [1260 x 2 =2520] leading up to the current countdown in the end times, where we can see a transition from 2520 years, to 2520 weeks, to 2520 days, highlighted by periods based on 7-year eclipses. As the time periods on God’s Clock decrease from years to weeks to days and even hours, [Rev. 9:15] so the clock ticks unto a countdown of the return of the Lord Jesus Christ, with our deliverance. In this “Countdown Clock“ I think we find an example of what’s called in God’s Word [Mt. 24:22, Mk.13:20] “The Lord Shortening (2856) of days…” This “Shortening” is (G2856-koloboo; to dock, or abridge) from, G2849–kolazo; curb, curtail, chastise, punish, reserve for infliction), that fits with End Times judgment or corrective acts. Acts 4:21)

Its found in 2 Peter 2:9

⁹ The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished:

In Leviticus 26:18 above, God warned Moses, if his people didn’t repent and return after their captivity, God’s 7-times judgment would befall them. ​We have already seen 2520 years of judgment in the 1260 x 2 years of Gentile dominion over Jerusalem in history.

Bullinger believed that these 1260 year periods marking the Gentile’s dominion over Jerusalem and its Temple in history, foreshadowed 2-1260 day periods in the last 2520 days, leading to final fulfillment of the Abomination Desolation, during the Great Tribulation, [2 Thess. 2:1-4]. A precursor of this period of the Gentile dominion fullness may be seen in 1260 days of heavenly signs from the 1st Blood Moon Eclipse of 2014-15 Lunar Tetrad, 2 years before the Rev. 12 sign, 9/23/17, presaging 2 periods of 1260 days in the coming tribulation of, [Rev. 11:1-3, 12:6, 14-17, 13:5].#36

In Figure A1, above the Christ angle of the Great Pyramid Shafts were aligned with a Venus–Regulus union in Leo, 9/20/2017. This occurred 1260 days from the first Blood Moon of the 2014-2015 Tetrad, in a transition on the Countdown Clock from 2520 years to 2520 days. As the Super Blood Moon was the first lunar Eclipse of this Tetrad, visible in Jerusalem, it alerted us! But the last Lunar eclipse of the 2014-15 Blood Moon Tetrad-a Super Blood Moon, also visible in Jerusalem on Sept. 28, 2015, occurred 2520 weeks from as the 6-day war ends, during the previous Blood Moon Tetrad of 1967-68. As Israel’s rule was reclaimed over over Jerusalem for the 1st time since 70 AD, it showed a transition on the Countdown Clock from 2520 years, to 2520 weeks to 2520 days, the first 1260 days of these 2520 days, counted from the first 2014-2015 Blood Moon Tetrad, to the Rev. 12 sign, @ 9/20-23/17.

This is an eye opener as we recall the 7 weeks/49-day count between Passover and Pentecost, that forms a basis for the 7 weeks of years leading to the 50 Year Jubilee on the Hebrew Calendar, seen in the 50 year period between 1967-68 to 2017-18. This gives us a common standard for calculating weeks, days & years in Bible time-keeping, established in the feasts of Passover, Pentecost and the Hebrew Jubilee. This manner of Sabbath counting applies to a week of days, as the weekly Sabbath; a week of weeks, as counting Passover to Pentecost; a week of years bringing a Sabbath Year; or even a week of Sabbath Years, as a Jubilee. And seen linked in the two princes of [Daniel 9:25-27] with Jesus, it was a literal week of seven days, but with the anti-Christ it is a week of seven years wherein he disrupts temple sacrifices in a viable 7-year tribulation at the halfway mark of 1260 days.

Just to be clear, I’m not making any predictions based on the material presented above, but I am pointing out some very interesting historical correlations from various viewpoints to spur some consideration and discussion. As always I welcome all Comments and Questions!

Portions of this blog are a summary from other studies along with sections of an article on these 3 eclipses that started in August 2017. Please refer online to; [https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series] where you can find more info on this topic for your personal study…

God Bless!

Rene’

Footnotes

1. Strong’s Concordance, H8403, James Strong.
2. IBID; H1129–banah, James Strong.
3. IBID; G5262–hupodeigma, James Strong.
4. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_cycle#Repetition_of_solar_eclipses
6. https://www.bible-codes.org/Blood-Moon-Prophecy-Tetrad_AD2014-2015_2061-2062-Bible.htm
7. https://www.1260-1290-days-bible-prophecy.org/Jubilee-missing-Sabbaths.htm
8. https://1260d.com/2017/06/22/shemita-solar-eclipse2017/1406bc-eclipse-rome-leo/
9. IBID
10. Stellarium Astronomy Software: Total Solar Eclipse near Regulus in Leo, 8/21/2017.
10a. https://1260d.com/2017/06/22/shmita-solar-eclipse2017/1406bc-eclipse-rome-leo/
11. https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEatlas/SEatlas.html
12. https://1260d.com/2017/06/22/shmita-solar-eclipse2017/1406bc-eclipse-rome-leo/
13. https://1260d.com/2017/06/22/shmita-solar-eclipse2017/
14. Israel Today Magazine, Ludwig Schneider [March 2008]
  http://issuu.com/ryaninzion/docs/israel_today_march_2008

14a. IBID
15. “Comprehending the Choreography of the Divine Starry Dance.” 9/17 ppg. 17- Jon Nessle.
15a. Figure B Picture credit, [templemountlocation.com]
16. Figure C picture credit on the Celestial Sphinx. “Jesus Christ our Promised Seed”, p. 45. American Christian Press, VP Wierwille.
17. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
18. IBID
19. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_cycle#Repetition_of_solar_eclipses]
20. map from 1260d.com
21. https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
22. IBID
23. IBID
24. IBID
25. IBID
26. IBID
27. IBID/https://eclipsewitness.com/eclipse-judgment-series
28. IBID
29. IBID
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33. IBID
34. IBID
35. IBID
36. “Witness of the Stars”, p. E.W. Bullinger

Recent Observations of Planet Parades in light of the 2024-2025 Lineups.

2024 has been an eventful year of celestial activity with sightings of the aurora borealis, the Solar Eclipses, and plenty of celestial signs, and as the New Year kicks off it seems we are off to a strong start for 2025. The New Year opened with the Quadrantids, Meteor Shower as it finished its peak mid-January, but runs through Jan. 16, the height of Mars opposition. Only a few days later in the New Year we are graced with a Planetary Parade. A Parade of Planets occurs when several of our solar system’s planets are visible together on the same side of the Sun in the night sky. It won’t be long before Six planets are visible in mid-January’s night sky. After Sunset, you’ll only have a couple of hours to view them before Venus, Saturn and Neptune dip below the horizon for the evening. No matter your location, these notable sky events are on tap from a wide viewing area near the same time. By the end of February, Mercury makes an appearance adding to a Planet Parade total of seven planets. They will be best viewed at sunset, but more difficult to see while the sun is still on the horizon.

Figure 1. The Six Planet Parade of Jan. 2025. #1  Stellarium

A key aspect of planet parades or alignments is that in some cases they occur as part of other historic celestial signs. We don’t have to look far for a recent example of this, as we had two separate Planet Parade’s in 2024, just last year.

Planetary Parades many times can be indicators of other key celestial events, like last year on June 3, 2024, if you were in the right part of the world on that night, you could be able to see up to six planets. Sharp-eyed viewers were able to see Jupiter, Mercury, Mars and Saturn with the naked eye. Those with high-powered binoculars or a telescope were also be able to view Uranus, which was located near Mercury, with Neptune, near Saturn as seen in Figure 3 below.

June 3rd saw a Second Planet Parade of 2024. The last one, a small alignment marked the April 8th, 2024 Total solar eclipse, opened on April 4, 2024, when four planets Venus, Mars, Saturn and Neptune aligned on the same side of the sun as Earth. Viewer’s in the Eclipse‘ path of totality could spot Jupiter, Venus, Saturn & Mars right in the middle of the April 8th eclipse, although Mars and Saturn may have been more difficult to spot. On April 20, 2024 there was another planetary alignment of five planets: Venus, Mercury, Neptune, Mars & Saturn, bracketing the April 8th, 2024 Total solar eclipse. This led to the June 3rd-Six planet Alignment below, both categorized as “Large Planet Alignments“, consisting of 5-6 planets. The last “Large Planetary Alignment” of this kind for 2024 fell on Aug. 28th- aligning the 6 Planets : Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune and Saturn. #3

Figure 3. The June 3rd, 2024 Six Planet Alignment.#4

Figure 6. Planetary Alignment Infographic. #7

After that, the seven-planet parade will begin as Mercury briefly joins the others in the sky for a couple of days, turning this into a 7 planet parade of all our solar system planets except Earth. It will be difficult to see them all since Saturn, Mercury and Neptune will be near to the sun right at sunset, but they will all be present. By the time March opens, Mercury, Saturn and Neptune will have drifted too close to the sun for naked eye visibility with Venus close in tow, leaving only Jupiter, Mars and Uranus to populate the visible night sky. Uranus and Neptune are binocular targets, as Mars reaches opposition on Jan. 15th, before it’s occulted by the Moon in a rare event on Jan. 13th, 2025.

Figure 7. The Moon Occulting the Pleiades star cluster. #8

Job 38:31-33
Canst thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? Canst thou bring forth the Mazzaroth in his season? Or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons? Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? Canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?

The early morning reveals Mercury-Gabriel the Messenger Planet, as the Moon crossed the Pleiades (M45), on January 9th at 7 pm. EST, as seen from New York City, the waxing gibbous Moon was very close to the Pleiades star cluster. Shortly thereafter, the Moon began crossing in front of the Pleiades, taking about 3 hours to complete its pass in front of the famed cluster. Note that the Pleiades appear about twice the size as the apparent diameter of the moon.

From NYC, observers saw the 10-day-old Moon track across the southern part of the cluster; occulting the stars Electra (magnitude 3.7), Merope (4.2), and Alcyone at about 7:06 p.m., 7:35 p.m., and 8:18 p.m. EST, respectively. Over an hour later, the Moon’s dark limb reached the other side of the cluster to cover Pleione (5.0) at 9:21 and Atlas (3.6) at 9:33. From this view, the moon missed two of the seven brightest Pleiades stars, Maia (3.9) and Taygeta (4.3). Soon after 10 p.m. the Moon moved beyond this beautiful ancient cluster. #9

The timing of these occultations highly depends on location; check the International Occultation Timing Association’s website for more info,(www.lunar-occultations.com)

Figure 8. Lunar Occultation of Mars, Jan. 13th, 2025. #10

 Most observatories in California, Texas, Ohio and New York in the US, along with Calgary in Canada and Mexico City, Mexico will enjoy visibility for this Planetary Parade, for all six planets at each location. Generally, the best time to view this Planet Parade will be after Jan. 21, 2025, and before Feb. 21, 2025. The best time will be the week of Jan. 29 during the New Moon. (As a shadowed moon, new moons appear as a moonless sky.) But the shadowed moon’s reduced  light pollution makes the planets Neptune, Uranus and Saturn easier to spot.
Uranus and Neptune are binocular targets, as Mars reaches opposition on Jan. 15th, before it’s lunar occultation in a rare event on Jan. 13th, 2025.

Venus dazzles us in the southwestern sky after sunset all month, brightening quickly, it’s easily visible as twilight descends. On Jan. 1st, Venus’ near half-lit disk was joined by the waxing crescent Moon, on Jan. 2 and 3, standing 10° SW, 4° east of the bright and Morning Star. Notice on the 4th that the Moon is 4° northeast of Saturn, before occulting it, which is about 13° from Venus.

 Figure 9. The Moon, Venus and Saturn in Aquarius. #11

Venus closes the gap to Saturn over the next few days, standing just under 4° west of the gas giant on the 14th, coming closest on the 17th, when only 2.2° separates them. By the 19th, Venus is 2.5° due north of the ringed planet, shining at magnitude 1.1. The thin waxing crescent Moon will hang in the bright twilight low on western horizon shortly after sunset, Jan. 30, 2025. Brilliant Venus will shine higher in the sky in Saturn’s steady golden light  nearby. Venus the bright and Morning Star shares this evening union with Saturn, while the King Planet Jupiter reigns high in Taurus, reaching its highest elevation in the later evenings of early January.

Venus the bright and Morning Star crosses into western Pisces on the 23rd ending the month 1.5° from Lambda (λ) Piscium. Uranus appears fixed against the background stars of Aries, ending its retrograde loop as January closes, at magnitude 5.7, an easy binocular target. Located about 8° southwest of the Pleiades, Uranus is south of a bright 5th-magnitude star, 63 Arietis, with the planet Uranus standing 2.5° due south of this star. Neptune sits near 12° east of Saturn, shining at magnitude 7.8. By the end of January it lies in the same binocular field as Venus, acting as a marker to find the distant planet, and remains at a similar distance through the 31st.

The planet is 5.5° from a waxing gibbous Moon Jan. 10, standing 5° north and slightly east of Aldebaran the Bull’s eye in Taurus, Jan. 31. Most days all 4 of Jupiter’s Galilean moons- Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto — are visible; at times one is transiting in front, or hidden behind Jupiter’s disk, along with its shadow.

Figure 10. Jupiter’s Four Visible Galilean Moons. #12

Composite images of Jupiter and its 4 Galilean moons. From left to right the moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. The Galileo spacecraft obtained the images to make this composite in 1996. Image via NASA Photo-journal.

Jan. 1 sees Io disappear and then re-emerge from Jupiter’s vast shadow. The moon vanishes behind the northwestern limb, just before 8 pm. EST. Watch the space 12″ east of the planet to see Io appear just before 10:45 pm. EST.

Around 8:25 p.m. EST on the 6th, Europa began to transit. Shortly before 10 pm. EST, its shadow appears. Europa exits the disk @ 11 pm. EST; the shadow exits about an hour and a half later.

Jupiter and its moons are seen in the myths of Aquarius–an ancient Sign or constellation, with long-standing astronomical history dating back prior to the era of Greek mythology around 3000BC. The constellation myth tells of Aquarius when Prince Ganymede was captured by Zeus and taken to Mount Olympus to be a cup-bearer for the Gods. As fickle Zeus grew weary of the boy, he gave him eternal life and deified him in the heavens. A century before this, in Sumer about 4000 BC, Sumerian astronomers linked the Aquarius constellation in their celestial myth to a youth who was bearer of a deluge that destroyed the Earth, that has been tied to the Biblical flood of Noah. Perhaps the ancients envisioned the activities of their idol gods with Zeus-Jupiter’s moons…but that is certainly not what we do in Biblical Astronomy! Hopefully, you can see the positive fruit that results as we let the Scriptures speak for themselves regarding the Celestial Gospels, since it was the Almighty Creator Who named and numbered the stars, that relate the truth of the Biblical narratives as they are told in the Heavens, [Ps. 147:4, Isa. 40:22-26].

On the 16th, Io transits from 8:36 pm. to 10:48 pm. EST, with a shadow visible from 9:32 pm. to 11:44 p.m. EST. As the shadow is exiting the western limb, Ganymede is occulted on the same side almost simultaneously, taking a few minutes to disappear.

Ganymede reappears at the northeastern limb around 1:51 am. EST (Jan. 17 in the Eastern and Central time zones). It then drops into Jupiter’s shadow 90 minutes later. You’ll see it starting to fade just before 3:30 a.m. EST. Ganymede crosses the disk Jan. 27. East Coast viewers may catch the beginning of the transit at sunset. The moon exits starting around 7:20 pm. EST. The shadow starts transiting around 9:40 pm. EST, and the shadow transit ends starting at 11:49 p.m. EST.

Figure 11. January 15th Southern skies ay Midnight. #13

A highlight of the month is the opposition of Mars late on Jan. 15. It peaks at magnitude –1.4, as bright as Sirius. Astronomical opposition means that a planet is located on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. From our view, it means planets at opposition are precisely 180° from the Sun in the sky — so, when the Sun sets in the west, a planet appears in the east. Mars starts January in Cancer as it moves west, entering Gemini’ Twins by the 12th.

Oppositions of Mars occur every 780 days. The planet’s diameter reaches nearly 15″. Mars’ closest approach to Earth occurs Jan. 12, a few days before opposition. It then stands 59,703,891 miles away. Mars oppositions occur only once in 2–3 years.

Watch for moments when Mars reveals its glory. Mars appears to rotate back-wards when viewed at the same time each night. At 9 p.m. local time from the central U.S. (look an hour later in the east, and an hour or two earlier farther west), you’ll see Olympus Mons-the largest Volcano in the Solar System and the Tharsis Ridge region facing us in the first week of January.

Figure 12. Olympus Mons; on Mars Surface. #14

On the 13th, Mars is occulted by the Moon; see Fig. 8 above. Timing depends on location, but the East Coast sees Mars disappear around 9 pm. EST; this is soon after twilight fading to Mountain time zone. It takes about 20 seconds for Mars to be fully covered. Along the Pacific Coast, this occurs soon after Moonrise in evening twilight. Mars reappears about an hour later.

Mercury is visible in the early-morning sky. On Jan. 1 its an easy object to see in the twilight, 12° east of Antares, standing 6° high in the SE sky by 6:30 am. local time. Check the region with binoculars because soon after Mercury rises, you may spot the Trifid (M20) and Lagoon (M8) nebulae 2° east and SE of Mercury–Gabriel the messenger planet, less than 1° north of the Lagoon Nebula of Sagittarius on Jan. 9, and by the 14th is within 15′ of M22.

Figure 13. Skies of Jan. 7, 2025, 40 minutes before Sunrise to the Southeast. #15

The preceding has been a Summary view/log of examples of Planetary Parades and Alignments from recent/ modern cases, namely those linked to the 2017-2024 US Total Solar Eclipses, primarily. Added recent samples may be documented as they are uncovered. The balance of this study will take into account Planet Parade samples from ancient history in light of the Bible Patriarchs & the Precession of the Equinoxes, as they relate to the birth of Christ. We will pick this up with a view of the astronomy surrounding the birth of Abram.

The Celestial Signs Marking Abram’s Birth

In consideration of the celestial signs marking The Birth of Abraham, in 1953 BC, we will review some pertinent astronomical history. We have noted in other studies, that the Conjunction cycle of Jupiter-Saturn is known to provide a window on the precession of the equinoxes, according to the cadence of their base 60 planetary Rhythms. This concept is found in the astronomy of numerous ancient cultures including the Maya, Romans, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Chinese, and the astronomers of ancient Egypt. In fact, even the ancient Chinese Zhuanxu Calendar is thought to have started in 1953 BC, linked with a significant predawn all-planet alignment on March 5th. As Kevin Pang and John Bangert, astronomers of the Jet Propulsion Labs, in an ancient text written by Liu Xiang [77-9 BC], this alignment took place near the Pegasus Square. The idea of a Jupiter-Saturn triple Conjunction occurring with an alignment of the planets, was thought to indicate a termination point, where all the planetary cycles were in agreement, similar to the inception point of their cycles. This is thought to coincide with the intersection of the precessional cycle with the center of our Milky Way Galaxy, located in Sagittarius. This explains the popularity of the 2012 date, in the Astronomy of the Maya among others, as a date hailing the end of the world.

God designed certain triple Conjunctions of Jupiter-Saturn  as individual markers and movements in a great celestial Symphony of the Ages, ultimately leading to Christ’s Birth. The triple Conjunction of Jupiter-Saturn we will notice took place in the sign Aquarius in 1953 BC, marking the Birth of Abram. As the Father of Many Nations, and the progenitor of the line of believer’s, Abraham through his offspring Isaac and Jacob would bear the promised seed. This triple Conjunction confirmed that Christ would come out of the nation of Israel, which constituted the 12 tribes of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel, to reflect his spiritual inheritance.

Another Triple Conjunction of Jupiter-Saturn  took place 417 years later in the sign of Taurus the Bull. This marked the Birth of Moses, the forerunner of Christ as the Deliverer of Israel. A 1,000 years later, Daniel taught the Magi on these planetary unions from the contemporary example of a Jupiter-Saturn triple union 523-522 BC in Virgo. Less than 400 years later, near 132 BC a “new star“ or perhaps a recurrent supernova exploded onto the scene, in a decan of the sign Virgo, called Coma. Pictured as seen in the Dendera zodiac below, in the head of the child held in his mother’s arms, this supernova or new star, drew attention to the decan Coma meaning “The Desired of all Nations” [Hag. 2:7]. This supernova burned brightly for over 250 years as a beacon lighting the way to the general time wherein the birth of Christ would occur. This disclosed that as The Desire of all Nations, Christ was coming for the redemption of the Gentiles, not just Israel.

Figure 14. The decan Of Coma in the Dendera Zodiac.#16

The Magi were surely some of the first of these Gentiles whose response to this light of salvation made history. The Coma supernova also set the stage for the third triple union of Jupiter-Saturn in 7 BC that lead to the birth of Christ. This Conjunction took place in Pisces and marked a transition in the ages of the precession of the equinoxes, from the Age of Aries to the Age of Pisces. This new Precessional Age was marked because for the prior 2160 years, Aries was the sign wherein the Sunrise occurred on the Spring equinox. The Triple union of Jupiter-Saturn in 7 BC marked the first time that the Sun arose in the Sign of Pisces, on the Spring equinox, signifying a new Precessional Age, the Age of Pisces.- the Fishes. Over 2000 years has already passed since this opening of the Piscean Age, and the Birth of Christ that occurred three years after its opening. This Sign of Pisces is marked by two fish, one swimming vertically towards the North Pole and the other horizontally along the ecliptic. These fish represent the houses of Israel and Judah, further disclosing that the Promised Seed would originate out of the Royal House of Leo the Lion of the tribe of Judah, [Rev. 5: 5]. Christ had to be the Son of Adam, Abraham and David in order to fulfill all righteousness. The fullness of the gap between the sufferings of the Lord, seen during his first coming, and his glorious return as King of Kings and Lord of Lords continues to take place in the Piscean Age. Finally, this 7 BC triple union of Jupiter-Saturn gave the Magi all they  needed to identify the signs marking the birth of Christ in 3-2 BC when the triple Conjunction of Jupiter-Regulus took place in Leo, the Lion of the tribe of Judah. This panoramic view of Biblical and Celestial History, beautifully encapsulates how God utilized the Natural Law witness in the heavens, coordinated with Divine Scripture, building in greater detail, in Messianic Prophecies the identity of His only begotten Son Jesus Christ.

In the THE HISTORICITY OF THE BIBLE; CHRONOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY and ARCHAEOASTRONOMY by Iurii Mosenkis  #17

Mosenkis puts forth some interesting concepts concerning how the the Bible might include much more information about celestial events than it is commonly known or traditionally considered. Abraham’s calculation of the stars (Gen. 15:5) included his observation of the cattle, goat, ram, & two doves at night (Gen. 15:9-10, 17), ie. Taurus, Capricorn, and Aries constellations, the Pleiades (‘doves’ in ancient Greek astronomy), and the Milky Way respectively.

We are presenting some of the more interesting ideas from his book below. A leading type of celestial sign as we have seen above, are Planetary Parades and Alignments. Below we will point out where Mosenkis highlights certain key ancient historical Planetary Parades that support themes of modern Alignments of planets.

Why astronomy might be concealed in the Bible.   

A category Mosenkis points out are ancient Greek concepts (also well-known in the Babylonian & other ancient astronomical traditions) of constellations which rise simultaneously with some other constellation. As the Aquila sign-(the ‘eagle’) rises with Scorpio constellation (‘scorpion’), so Aquila replaced Scorpio among four constellations of the solstices and equinoxes in the books of Ezekiel and Revelation. Additionally he points to the key concept of Precession as an astronomical cycle which is very significant to understand in ancient symbolism. Every 2000, [2160] years the points of solstices and the equinoxes change their constellations. E. g., the vernal equinox point was located in Gemini (‘twins’) during c. 6000–4000 BC, in Taurus (‘ox’) during c. 4000–2000 BC, in Aries (‘ram’) during c. 2000–1 BC, in Pisces (‘two fish’) from c. 1 AD., to the present.  These epochs are named the Zodiacal/Precesional Ages such as the Age of Gemini, the Age of Taurus, etc. 18/[2] See the comments: Dobin, J. Op. cit., p. 153–154.

He also suggests a correlation between the Biblical story of the Creation and the geological data, where specific correlations may be found: six days of the Creation were six millennia of the warm period since the end of the glacial period., and the Ice Age. A Skeptic’s question is: what do 6 days of the Creation imply?

Researcher’s answer as follows. First, what the ‘day’ means in the cosmogonical context of the Biblical story? We can find an answer in both the Old and the New Testaments. After the mention of the Creation (Ps. 89:3), the divine author states that the thousand years is like one day (Ps. 89:5). The same idea repeats in the NT in 2 Petr. 3:8. Second, during a long period of pre-written (oral) history only astronomical and genealogical calculations of the past were possible. If the thousand years is not genealogical concept, we must search the period among astronomical ones. The best equivalent is lunar one: the moon stays in one of 27 ‘lunar mansions’ during about one thousand years. The similar intervals might be symbolically described in the Hurrian epic: ever of four gods (Alalu, Anu, Kumarbi, and Tessub) rules over the heaven for ‘nine days’ and is expelled from the heaven in the ‘tenth day’ which may symbolize a one-thousand-year period.

Thus, if one wants to search some correlation between the Biblical story of the Creation and the geological data, a specific correlation might be found: six days of the Creation were six millennia of the warm period since the end of the glacial period. This time of very favorable climate (so-called Atlantic period) ended at the same time, and climatic conditions abruptly worsened. The event might be symbolically interpreted as the expulsion from Paradise.

Thus people can understand the Biblical text in the wider cultural context.

Celestial Conjunctions in a broad sense occur as two or more celestial bodies, mainly planets, are visibly close to each other. The planet parade (in a broad sense) is the collection of the sun, the moon, and the planets in the same sign or constellation, or in adjoining constellations. Solar & lunar eclipses repeat after these periods; the 18-year saros and the 54-year triple saros or exeligmos (already calculated in the ancient times) are significant among them.

The planet parade in the water constellation of Aquarius (the World Flood in  ancient thought) of 2190 BC, coincided with the destruction of several Near Eastern civilizations and was interpreted as the Flood. The Gutian invasion in Mesopotamia in the same time was called a “flood” in Sumerian literature. The postdiluvian building of the Babel Tower correlated in its image and time with the building of the Ziggurat of Ur.

THE GLOBAL FLOOD AND THE BABEL TOWER:  Where and when were they?  

THE EARLY/MIDDLE BRONZE AGE TRANSITION in the stories of the Flood and the Babel Tower Iurii Mosenkis #19

The planet parade in the water constellation of Aquarius; the World Flood in 2190 BC coincided with the destruction of several Near Eastern cultures and civilizations, was interpreted as the Flood. The post-diluvian building of the Babel Tower correlated in its form, architecture and time with building of the Ziggurat of Ur.  The Deluge occurred 1656 years after God’s Creation (Masoretic version) which is dated to 3760 BC, i. e. in the 22nd cent. BC. The ancient celestial sign of the Deluge (according to Plato, Berossus, & Josephus Flavius etc.) was the planet parade in a winter ‘water’ constellation while the sign of the Fire was the planet parade in a summer ‘fire’ constellation. Noah’s Ark like the Gilgamesh Ark symbolically relates to Pegasus‘ Square as eight inhabitants in Noah’s Ark were symbolized by the Sun, the Moon, and six planets (including Uranus visible to the naked eye). The planet parade in Aquarius near Pegasus occurred on February 14, 2190 BC coincided with a Solar Eclipse. 1 Post-Biblical sources also linked the Flood with the Pleiades, 2 The spring equinoctial Sun was located near the asterism at this time. Triple dating of the Flood in the Biblical tradition is reconstructed: by the ages of the Patriarchs (that can be summarized to calculate the Flood date), by the planet parade (interpreted as the Flood) in Scripture, and with the Spring Equinox related to the Pleiades via the Precession of the Equinoxes. The dry period during 22nd c. BC caused the end of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, the fall of the Akkadian empire in Mesopotamia, early bronze civilization of Canaan, Early Minoan period in Crete, the collapse of Neolithic cultures near Central China and extraordinary floods of the Yellow River 3, described in the Chinese sources, also had astronomical  interpretations; as China floods are confirmed by natural, historical, and astronomical evidence. The Hekla H-4 eruption about 2310 BC can be related to climatic events. 1 The Mesopotamian floods had earlier archeological dates. The flood in the Sumerian epic is also earlier. However, the first written mentions of the Gilgamesh Epic and SA.GAZ/Hapiru (may include Abraham’s “Hebrew“ people) are dated from the same period, XXII–XXI cc. BC. The astronomers of the Third Dynasty of Ur may have seen the celestial event. 2 ‘In the Babylonian Talmud (Berakhot 58b), the Pleiades [Job 38:31-33] r e p r e s e n t cosmic frost, combatting Orion’s cosmic heat, [Sirius] and the “sluices of heaven” told in the Deluge story were opened by pulling two stars from the Pleiades’.

The centuries-old enigma of the Great Deluge  

The Biblical concept of the Global Flood is very impressive for all readers of the text. Folklorists (such as J. J. Frazer) compare the motif with similar stories from all continents, archaeologists (like L. Woolley) unearths traces of local floods in several Mesopotamian cities, whereas critics of the Bible historicity (as L. Taxile) laugh. However, no interpreters link the story with the well-known events
of the 22^nd century BC when the Flood occurred, according to the Biblical chronology. It will become clear that the key to the Flood enigma may be found in the history of that century.   

Sir James Georg Frazer in his famous book Folklore in the Old Testament collected the flood stories from all over the world. After the well-known excavations of Sir Charles Leonard Woolley, the archaeologically identified Mesopotamian floods became regarded as main prototypes of the Biblical flood. On the other hand, the Global flood is described in Babylonian and  Sumerian literature. Despite the literary influence of this Mesopotamian Epic on the Biblical text, archaeologically attested floods in Mesopotamia are not related with the Biblical narrative since dates of these ‘floods’ are different in localized cities, and all the dates precede the Biblical date.

The date of a Global Deluge in the Bible is clear: 1656 years after the Creation, or c. 2104 BC. No archaeological floods in the Near East were attested in this time, but we may take into consideration not only material culture and also 1) celestial signs and 2) chronological data from other traditions.

Starting with the latter, it is clear to the archaeologists that no global deluge, common for Greece, the Near East, and China, can be attested at any time in general and around 2200 BC in particular (only in China the river ‘deluges’ are attested in that time). Thus, we must search for possible traces of the deluge not on the earth but in the heaven. We must remember an ancient concept of the ‘Great Year’ (or Annus Magnus in Latin; precession), which likens a year to a far longer celestial or astronomical cycle (whose duration was disputable to many ancient authors). According to the idea, known in Babylonia (explained by Babylonian priest Berossus who lived in Greece) and in Greece (expounded by Plato), the earth periodically suffered from the great fire and the great flood. The fire occurs when all known planets gather in a summer constellation, but the flood occurs when the planets are collected in a winter constellation. Let’s note that the images of the winter constellations are closely related to the concept of water: where the boat-shaped Capricorn, 20/[2] wave-shaped Aquarius, 21/[3] and Pisces (‘two fish’) are. In addition, the ship where some humans save themselves from the flood in the Sumero-Babylonian epic has a square form like the Pegasus Square constellation near Pisces. 22/[4] [also in agreement with the square of Noah’s Ark].      

The several planet parades in or near the aforementioned ‘Water signs’ may be calculated in the 22^nd century BC. 23/[5] These celestial signs coincided with a significant climatic event 24/[6] such as the severe centennial-scale drought in northern Africa, southwestern Asia and mid-continental North America. The dry period during the 22^nd century BC caused the end of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, the fall of the Akkadian empire in Mesopotamia, the end of the early bronze civilization of Canaan and the Early Minoan period in Crete, the collapse of the Neolithic cultures around Central China and large floods of the Yellow River.25/[7]  The more exact climatic date is 2180–2170 BC, 26/[8] This date can be linked with a planet parade according to the ancients.  

We must mention some possible historical and literary sources, that may have partially influenced the Biblical flood narrative. On the one hand, the afore-mentioned end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt in the time of the Biblical deluge occurred after the 100-year rule of Pharaoh Pepi/Piopi II, who may resemble the long-aged antediluvian Patriarchs (despite that their ages might mainly reflect the astronomical periods). On the other hand, the mountainous tribe of the Gutians invaded Sumer about 2150 BC, and this invasion was considered a deluge in the Sumerian poem. 27/[9]

Post-Biblical sources linked the Flood with the Pleiades, 28/[10] a sign of the sailing season in the ancient Greek astronomy, and the Spring equinoctial sun was located near the asterism at this time. Triple dating of the Flood in the Biblical tradition may be reconstructed: 1) by the ages of the Patriarchs (which can be summarized to calculate the Flood date), 2) by the planet parade (interpreted as the Flood), 3) by the spring equinox related to the Pleiades.   

The dove, released as the symbol of the ending flood after the 40-day rains (Gen. 8:6–12), symbolizes the star group of the Pleiades (‘doves’ and the sign of sailing in ancient Greek astronomy), appearing in the Spring after a 40-day period of invisibility.

Primordial Heaven [Gen. 1:1]
‘In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was without shape (tōhū) and empty (bōhū), and darkness was over the surface of the watery deep (t^ehōm), but the Spirit (rū^ah.) 29/[1] of God was moving (the root rh.f ‘to soar’ related to rh.m ‘to hatch’) over the surface of the water’ (Gen. 1:1–2). Let us examine the key concepts of the passage.

Tōhū is akin to names of sea and sea monster [2]. Not only Tōhū but also cognate Akkadian Tiamat ‘primeval water monster’ and Leviathan-‘water monster’ (mentioned in other Biblical books, Job 41) might be compared to the Egyptian constellation of Crocodile (modern Draco).[3]

Bōhū as a cognate of Hebrew b^ehēmōt [9x in OT; Deut. 32:24, Job 12:7, 40:15, Ps. 49:12, 20, 50:10, 73:22, Jer. 12:4, Hab. 2:17] ‘earth monster’ comparable to the Egyptian constellation of Hippopotamus (Ezek. 29:3 Ursa Minor).[4]

The Spirit of God (rū^ah, a cognate of the Arabic legendary bird Ruhh name) can be related to the image of Cygnus constellation (‘swan’ or simply ‘bird’ in ancient Greek astronomy).[5]

Thus, three primordial beings in the Creation story (Tōhū, Bōhū, and Ruah) might be linked to the circumpolar (unsetting, ‘immortal’) constellations of Draco, Ursa Minor, and Cygnus. Aforementioned Behemoth, Leviathan, and the monstrous bird Ziz of medieval legends might be other images of the same constellations.

On the other hand, the three primordial beings of Chaos may symbolize three Babylonian zones of the heaven: tōhū may be referred to the zone of Enki-Ea the water god (the southern constellations), bōhū may be linked to the zone of Anu the sky god (the constellations near the ecliptic), ruah refers to the zone of Enlil the air god (the northern constellations).

Behemoth’s sword (Job 40:19) and ‘the flame of a whirling sword’ which guarded the Paradise of Eden (Gen. 3:24) may be regarded as sword-shaped Cygnus or likely as Boötes which also resembles the sword. The fall of the primordial serpent in the book of Revelation may be related to such astronomical events as the exit of the North Celestial Pole from the constellation of Draco (post–2000 BC-precession of the pole star–Thuban)
with the motion of the constellation toward the horizon.

The throne of God (merkābāh) is a cognate of the name of chariot (Markab–star), whereas the unsetting circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major was regarded as a chariot in ancient astronomy[6].

Ursa Major might also appear in the image of menorah (1st description: Exodus 25:31-40) as ‘a lamp to burn continually’ (Ex. 27:20; Lev. 24:2-4). Hanuka (as the rite of altar renovation) and the burning of Hanukal menorah may symbolize the winter location of Ursa Major in direct opposition to the rising decan Ara (literally ‘altar’).[7] [Also seen in Rev. 1:20; 7 stars as angels of the 7 churches]

30/[1] Hebrew rū^ah. ‘breath, soul, wind’, Ugaritic rh, rh. ‘id’ (О Балу, с. 413), cf. Sumerian EN.LIL ‘lord of wind’.

31/[2] Hebrew t^ehōm ‘abyss’ or ‘ocean’ (Abb. 3:10; Gen. 1:2, Ps. 42:8, Ps. 71:20, see: О Балу: Угаритские поэтические сказания, с. 358), Akkadian tâmtu ‘sea’ and Tiamat ‘sea monster as an embodiment of primordial chaos’ (slain by Marduk who was symbolized by Jupiter). [see abyssos–9x in NT; Lk. 8:31, Rom. 10:7, Rev. 9:1-2, 11, 11:7, 17:8, 20:1-3]

32/[3] The name of Leviathan is a cognate of Ugaritic Lotan or Lawtan (who fights Baal Hadad) and Greek (borrowed from Semitic) Ladon (Draco, according to Hyginus’ Astronomy); cf. also Biblical monsters Tannin (Gen. 1:21; Ps. 74:13, comments: О Балу, с. 157; the same word in Ex. 7:9 means ‘snake’, in Ez. 29:3 ‘crocodile’, in Is. 27:1 ‘sea creature’; Hebrew tannin means ‘snake’, ‘sea snake’, ‘sea beast’: О Балу, с. 363) and Rahab (Is. 51:9; Ps. 89:10), Ugaritic snake Tunnunu fighting Balu (О Балу, с. 19-20, 181–182). The division of dragon in Babylonian cosmogonical myth means the creation of zodiac (this creation by Marduk after his victory over Tiamat is clearly described in the Babylonian epic). Draco is the primeval snake named Ophion in Orphism. However, some of these images might be influenced by the concept of the Hydra constellation.

33/[4] Bōhū is traditionally compared to βάαυ as a primordial creature of Phoenician cosmogony (Philo of Alexandria). Crocodile (Draco) is depicted on the back of the Egyptian hippopotamus-goddess Taurt (Ursa Minor). Cf. bhmtw as the designation of еру beast-shaped constellation in Qumranб Text I. 4Q 186.1: Тексты Кумрана, СПб., 1996, вып. 2, с. 264.

34/[5] Arabic Roc as Indian Garuda (which captures elephants and rhinoceroses) may also be Cygnus near Ursa Minor (behemoth in Egyptian mythology). The word rū^ah means ‘air’ and ‘wind’ in the Bible (Dobin, J., p. 215), and this word might be compared with Sum. En-lil, ‘god of wind’, as the lord of the northern sky; cf. also Eg. Shu, the god of air, and the first bird [Bennu bird] on the first hill (perhaps, the North Pole) in Egyptian cosmogony.

Preserved by the epic poet Hesiod and recently interpreted. Let us look at the sickle-shaped constellation of Scorpio which might symbolize the sickle of Cronus. About 3700 BC, the brightest star of Scorpio (Antares) became invisible in the autumnal equinox. From that time, two brightest stars were observable on the eastern horizon before the sunrise near October 6^th: red Arcturus and white Spica.

Let’s recall that humans, especially men, were depicted in red dyes in Ancient Near East (such Egyptian pictures are the most famous). Adam’s name means ‘red’ in Hebrew: the name reflects a belief that the man was created from red clay (adama in Hebrew). It is very likely that nomads, attentive to the night sky, associated the brightest red star of Arcturus with Adam, created from red clay. The neighboring bright star of Spica in Virgo these nomads may have connected with Eve.[1]

There was also a planet parade near Spica in September 3760 BC. Compared, to the present epoch the Indian timeline (Kali Yuga) began in 3102 BC from with a Planet Parade. Moreover, the constellation of Serpens (whose Latin name means ‘snake’) arose over the eastern horizon near Arcturus and Spica at that time. Naturally, the snake of Eden might be linked with the image of Serpens constellation.

35/[1] The name of Eve (Ḥawwāh ‘living one’, possibly influenced by a Hurrian goddess Heba known as ‘the mother of all living’) may be associated with Aviv, another name of the first month Nisan (Ex. 12:2; 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deut. 16:1). The word abib means the stage in the growth of grain when the seeds have reached full size and are filling with starch, but have not dried yet. Perhaps, Aviv may be the Canaanite name of Spica. Spica rises in the evening while Aries rises in the morning during the first month of the Hebrew calendar.

The Biblical concept of Eden could be influenced from both of the mentioned sides, the Mesopotamian and Syrian traditions.

A careful reading of Genesis 2:9-14 on the rivers of Eden says; ‘And a river went out of Eden giving water to the garden; and from there it was parted and became four streams. The name of the first is Pishon, which goes round about all the land of Havilah where there is gold. And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. And the name of the second river is Gihon: this river goes round all the land of Cush. And the name of a third river is Tigris, which goes to the east of Assyria. And the fourth river– Euphrates’ (Gen. 2:10-14). Usually, commentators look for four rivers, but it is clearly said in the text: these four rivers have one river as their source. What is the primordial river in Eden?

If Tigris and Euphrates are directly identified in the text, we must investigate other two rivers. Gihon in the land of Cush (northeastern Africa) was identified with Nile long ago by authoritative commentators of the Bible [1]. Moreover, the ancient Greek historian Diodorus of Sicily mentioned Okeane as the name of the Nile. It is clear that the names of Gihon and Okeane (variant: Ogen) are very similar.

And what is Pishon in the land of gold, and what kind of land it is? It is well-known that when the Bible was codified during the first millennium BC, Colchis in the western Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, was regarded as the gold-rich land where gold is mined very easily. Then, Biblical Pishon might be the Ancient Greek Phasis River (modern Rioni River) in Colchis, where the famous Argonauts sailed searching for the Golden Fleece. The Phasis River was the border of Europe and Asia, like the Nile bordered Asia and Africa, for the ancient Greek ‘father of history’ Herodotus.

Thus, what is that river whence not only the Euphrates and Tigris but also the Nile and the Phasis flow? It might be only the cosmological river of Oceanus, encircling the world in ancient Greek beliefs and depicted in the Babylonian world map. The stellar equivalent of the circular Oceanus River is the Milky Way which ancient Greeks named the ‘milky circle’. [In this Celestial version of Eden’s rivers, their mirror image is Eridanus, the river of judgment to the South pole that winds its course down to the infernal regions, under Orion’s Foot].

Searching for the astronomical images in the Biblical Eden narrative, we must recollect the Sumerian constellation of A.EDIN which was located in the place of the modern constellations of Virgo and Coma Berenices. It is the center of the Milky Way circle! Two trees of Eden (Genesis 2:17, 3:22) correspond with two ‘branches’ of the Milky Way.

Therefore, Eden may be a cosmological concept, tied to another cosmological concept of the World River, from which other rivers are flowing. In the Greek sacral geography, all rivers of the world flow from the Oceanus river, [2] the rivers are his children,[3] and the Oceanus is the river, associated with Elysium (a paradise in the ancient Greek beliefs).[4]        

If Adam and Eve can be linked with the stars, [Gen. 3:15, 49:9-10] we have the same possibility for Cain and Abel. If one was very bad and another was very good, we must recollect the similar ethical characteristics of the stars. First, we can cast a glance at Antares and Aldebaran. Several millennia BC they were not only very perceptible stars in the sky but also the points of the equinoxes. Among them, Antares had a bad reputation. Its name connects it with Ares (Mars) because both are red, whereas Mars was considered a sinister planet in ancient astrology. If Cain was a plowman and Abel a shepherd (Genesis 4:2-3) then their symbols might be easily found in the sky: Antares is the brightest star of the sickle-shaped Scorpio constellation (sickle as an attribute of the plowman) whereas Aldebaran is the brightest star of the bull-shaped Taurus (bull as an attribute of a plowman). These stars are in opposition: when one rises, the other sets. In addition, both these stars are described among ‘four royal stars’ (linked with solstices and the equinoxes) in ancient Iranian sacral astronomy, whereas Iranian influence on the Bible is doubtless for many scholars. Similar astronomical ideas may also be found in the astronomy of the Babylonians.

 The appearance of the proto-Semites: ethnological notes   

Perhaps, the story of Eden might reflect not only Sumerian or Hurrian homeland (cf. the Kura-Araxes migration in Levant) but also the migration of the Proto-Semites from the African homeland to Mesopotamia (Eden from Sumerian edin) via Egypt (Seth might be a god of Proto-Semites in the pre-Dynastic Egypt, cf. Seth as the son of Adam and the god of the Hyksos) and Canaan (where the proto-Semites might have a conflict with the Ghassul-Beersheba culture of the possible Anatolian or Caucasian origin, 36/[1] reflected in the Cain-Abel story). 37/[2] The Egyptian influence on the post-Ghassulian early Bronze Age people was dated to the end of pre-Dynastic period and the time of the First Dynasty. 38/[3] Horus & Seth in pre-Dynastic Egypt may symbolize the Indo-European (proto-Indo-European *Her-, ‘bird, eagle’ > Egyptian [her] ‘Horus, the solar falcon’) and Semitic (Seth the son of Adam > Egyptian Seth the god of desert peoples.   

[1] Wright, G. E. The archaeology of Palestine, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 91, No. 2 (Apr. – Jun., 1971), p. 280. Cf.: Tubb, J. N. Canaanites, University of Oklahoma Press (1998), p. 32.

[2] The desertification of Sahara c. 3500 BCE forced the Proto-Semites to migrate through the Nile Delta to western Asia. They were probably responsible for the collapsing of the Ghassulian culture (3800–3350 BCE), corresponded to Halafian culture, Amratian = Naqada I and early Minoan. Another indication to the arrival of the proto-Semitic culture is the appearance of tumuli in 4^th and 3^rd millennium Palestine, which were typical characteristic of Neolithic North Africa, Lipiński, Edward (2001). Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar. Peeters Publishers, p. 44; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Semitic_language#Homeland The beginning of the Early Bronze I period in Palestine coincided with the appearance of Egyptian artifacts, Мерперт Н. Я. Очерки археологии библейских стран, М., 2000, с. 123. It might be an evidence of migration via Egypt.

[3] Мерперт Н. Я. с. 123

Summary 
Some of the more intriguing data we have offered in this study pertains to historical facts that goes back to what Joseph Campbell referred to as the ‘World Monomyth.‘ As mention of the Tower of Babel was discussed in light of the ancient Ziggurat of Ur, we find evidence of an Ancient Celestial Gospel that was corrupted in the astrological heathen idolatry of this ‘mud-brick tower, found in the midst of an ancient city-tower in the Plain of the land of Shinar, [Gen. 11: 2-4], not embodying the KJV mistranslation; “whose tower may reach unto Heaven,” but instead “whose tower is a representation of the heavens,” or their Celestial order. As we reflect on the Celestial aspects of the historical themes presented in this study, we find clear roles for Planet Parades and alignments, especially as they link to certain solar and lunar eclipses in history. The roots of this Celestial Science go back to the Bible Patriarchs like Adam, Noah, Abraham, Joseph, etc. and their key roles in carrying the tenets of the Celestial Gospel forward. So we continue in these efforts today as the return of the Lord Jesus Christ grows nearer and we keep our heads to the sky, and grounded together in God’s Word!

God Bless,

Rene’

Footnotes

1. Figure 1 Picture credit- [https://www.cnet.com/science/planet-parade-of-six-seven-planets-mark-your-calendars-skygazing-january-2025/ Joe Hindy Dec. 20, 2024 3:24 p.m.] Stellarium
2. Figure 2 Picture Credit [https://starwalk.space/en/news/what-is-planet-parade#where–when-to-see-6-planets-in-2025]
3. https://www.aol.com/planets-aligning-solar-eclipse-day-110653804.html
4. https://www.cnet.com/science/planet-parade-on-june-3-get-ready-to-see-6-planets-line-up-in-the-sky/ Stellarium
5. https://www.cnet.com/science/planet-parade-on-june-3-get-ready-to-see-6-planets-line-up-in-the-sky/Stellarium
6. https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/august-21-2017-solar-eclipse-4-planets-bright-stars/
7. Figure 6 picture credit [https://starwalk.space/en/infographics/planetary-alignment].
8. Fig. 7 (Imagecredit:JoeRao/StarryNight)https://www.space.com/stargazing/ watch-the-moon-hide-the-seven-sisters-of-the-pleiades-star-cluster-tonight
9. https://www.astronomy.com/observing/sky-this-month-january-2025/
10. Figure 8. Picture credit, Lunar Occultation of Mars, Jan. 13th, 2025. Earthsky.org
11. Figure 9 Picture Credit; https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/visible-planets-tonight-moon-venus-saturn/Jan. 30-31
12. Figure 10 Picture credit; [https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/how-to-see-jupiters-moons/] The Galileo spacecraft obtained the images to make this composite in 1996. Image via NASA Photojournal.
13. Figure 11 Picture Credit: Astronomy Magazine: Roen Kelly.
14. Figure 12 Picture Credit: Olympus Mons- Reddit
15. Figure 13 Picture credit: Jan. 7, 2025, 40 minutes before Sunrise to the Southeast. Astronomy Magazine: Roen Kelly.
16. Figure 14. The decan Of Coma in the Dendera Zodiac. Witness of the Stars, p. 34. E.W. Bullinger
17. THE HISTORICITY OF THE BIBLE; CHRONOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY and ARCHAEOASTRONOMY by Iurii Mosenkis
18/[1]. Dobin, J. Op. cit., p. 135. Wu, K. C. (1982). The Chinese Heritage. New York: Crown Publishers, pp. 35-44, 66-67, and 450-467.
19/[2]. Seder Olam: A Rabbinic view of Biblical timeline, comment. by H. W. Guggenheimer, A Jason Aronson Book (Lanham etc., 2005), p. 48. 3 Stanley, Jean-Daniel; et al. (2003). “Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence”. Geoarchaeology 18 (3): 395–402 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gea.10065/ abstract;jsessionid=44A608E8ADEF474CDFADEAECC7F515BF.d03t03 ; Weiss, H; et al. (1993). “The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization”. Science 261 (5124): 995–1004 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/261/5124/995 ; Gibbons, Ann (1993). “How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry”. Science 261 (5124): 985; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4.2_kiloyear_event ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_environmental_events ; Chun Chang Huang; et al. (2011). ‘Extraordinary floods related to the climatic event at 4200 a BP on the Qishuihe River, middle reaches of the Yellow River, China’, Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (3–4): 460–468 ; http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/tilmari/tilmari2.htm#first ; the catastrophe of about 2200 BCE was related to India and Kenia, Нудельман Р. Библейская археология, Ростов-на- Дону: Феникс; Краснодар: Неоглори, 2008, с. 221–226

20/[2]. Its modern name of the Ancient Greek origin means ‘horned goat’, but initial Sumero-Babylonian constellation was ‘goat-fish’.
21/[3]. Its Greek name Hydrokhoos means ‘water-pourer’.
22/[4]. An Old Indian story of Manu, whose ship was led by the divine fish during the flood, may be related.
23/[5]. 2104 BCE, 2106 BCE, 2190 BCE, and the latter coincided with the solar eclipse.
24/[6]. So-called transition from the Subboreal period to the Subatlantic period, or the 4.2 kiloyear event / Bond event 3 about 2200 BCE.
25/[7]. Stanley, Jean-Daniel; et al. (2003). “Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence“. Geoarchaeology 18 (3): 395–402,
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gea.10065/abstract;jsessionid=44A608E8ADEF474CDFADEAECC7F515BF.d03t03 ; Weiss, H; et al. (1993). “The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization”. Science 261 (5124): 995–1004,
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/261/5124/995 ; Gibbons, Ann (1993). “How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry”. Science 261 (5124): 985; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4.2_kiloyear_event ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_environmental_events ; Chun Chang Huang; et al. (2011). ‘Extraordinary floods related to the climatic event at 4200 a BP on the Qishuihe River, middle reaches of the Yellow River, China’, Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (3–4): 460–468 ; http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/tilmari/tilmari2.htm#first ; the catastrophe of about 2200 BCE was related to India and Kenia, Нудельман Р. Библейская археология, Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс; Краснодар: Неоглори, 2008, с. 221–226.
26/[8]. It was a brief (only ~ 20 yr) and extreme ‘dry-spike’ in the Dongge Cave in China, Weninger, B. Forecasting societal change due to climate variability, p. 4, https://ecip.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/weningerb_abstract.pdf
27/[9]. The Cry about the destroying of Sumer and Ur, lines 75–76, comments: Rohl, D., p. 247.
28/[10]. ‘In the Babylonian Talmud (Berakhot 58b), the Pleiades represent cosmic frost, combatting Orion’s cosmic heat, and the “sluices of heaven” in the story of the Deluge were opened by pulling two stars from the Pleiads’, Seder Olam: The Rabbinic view of Biblical chronology, comment. by H. W. Guggenheimer, A Jason Aronson Book (Lanham etc., 2005), p. 48.
29/[1]. Spirit (rū^ah.) of God was moving (the root rh.f ‘to soar’ related to rh.m ‘to hatch’) over the surface of the water’ (Gen. 1:1–2).
30/[1]. Hebrew rū^ah. ‘breath, soul, wind’, Ugaritic rh, rh. ‘id’ (О Балу, с. 413), cf. Sumerian EN.LIL ‘lord of wind’.
31/[2] Hebrew t^ehōm ‘abyss’ or ‘ocean’ (Abb. 3:10; Ps. 42:8, see: О Балу: Угаритские поэтические сказания, с. 358), Akkadian tâmtu ‘sea’ and Tiamat ‘sea monster as an embodiment of primordial chaos’.
32/[3] The name of Leviathan is a cognate of Ugaritic Lotan or Lawtan (who fights Baal Hadad) and Greek (borrowed from Semitic) Ladon (Draco, via  Hyginus’ Astronomy); cf. also Biblical monsters Tannin (Gen. 1:21; Ps. 74:13, comments: О Балу, с. 157; the same word in Ex. 7:9 means ‘snake’, in Ez. 29:3 ‘crocodile’, in Is. 27:1 ‘sea creature’; Hebrew tannin means ‘snake’, ‘sea snake’, ‘sea beast’: О Балу, с. 363) and Rahab (Is. 51:9; Ps. 89:10), Ugaritic snake Tunnunu fighting Balu (О Балу, с. 19-20, 181–182).
33/[4] Bōhū is traditionally compared to βάαυ as a primordial creature of Phoenician cosmogony (Philo of Alexandria). Crocodile (Draco) is depicted on the back of the Egyptian hippopotamus-goddess Taurt (Ursa Minor). Cf. bhmtw as the designation of еру beast-shaped constellation in Qumranб Text I. 4Q 186.1: Тексты Кумрана, СПб., 1996, вып. 2, с. 264.
34/[5] Arabic Roc as Indian Garuda (which captures elephants and rhinoceroses) may also be Cygnus near Ursa Minor (behemoth in Egyptian mythology). The word rū^ah means ‘air’ and ‘wind’ in the Bible (Dobin, J., p. 215), and this word might be compared with Sum. En-lil, ‘god of wind’, as the lord of the northern sky; cf. also Eg. Shu, the god of air.
35/[1] The name of Eve (Ḥawwāh ‘living one’, possibly influenced by a Hurrian goddess Heba known as ‘the mother of all living’) may be associated with Aviv, another name of the first month Nisan (Ex. 12:2; 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deut. 16:1). The word abib means the stage in the growth of grain when the seeds have reached full size and are filling with starch, but have not dried yet. Perhaps, Aviv may be the Canaanite name of Spica. Spica rises in the evening while Aries rises in the morning during the first month of the Hebrew calendar.
36/[1] reflected in the Cain-Abel story).
37/[2] The Egyptian influence on the post-Ghassulian early Bronze Age people was dated to the end of pre-Dynastic period and the time of the First Dynasty. 38/[3] Horus & Seth in pre-Dynastic Egypt may symbolize the Indo-European (proto-Indo-European *Her-, ‘bird, eagle’ > Egyptian [her] ‘Horus, the solar falcon’) and Semitic (Seth the son of Adam > Egyptian Seth the god of desert peoples.